Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Iulian DUMITRESCU, Gabriel PREDOI, Cristian BELU, Bogdan GEORGESCU, Petronela ROȘU, Florina DUMITRESCU

The importance of knowing the detailed morphology of organs in this species result from the fact that currently, the domestic pig is becoming increasingly used in xenotransplantation. Most investigators agree that pigs have the potential to be the prime candidates for organ donation. Pigs are plentiful, are quick to mature, breed well in captivity, have large litters, and have vital organs roughly comparable in size to those of humans. The study was carried out on a total of 15 specimens in which the hearts were dissected after insertion into the arteries of the contrast dye. It has found a relative morphometric equality between the two coronary arteries. Right ventricular wall was irrigated primarily by the branches of the common trunk of the right coronary artery but also by paraconal branches. The left was irrigated by division of paraconal and left circumflex branches.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Catalina Anca CUCOȘ, Ateș BARUT, Constantinescu RADU, Iuliana IONAȘCU, Constantin VLAGIOIU

Chiari-like malformation is a condition characterized by a mismatch in volume between the caudal cranial fossa, which is too small, and the brain, too big, leading to foramen magnum obstruction and secondary syringomyelia - fluid filled cavities within the spinal cord parenchyma. The aim of the paper was to describe and to discuss the Chiari-likemalformation and syringomyelia magnetic resonance imaging characteristics, to asses the extension and severity of the neurological lesions. This research presents a retrospective study on 46 dogs, during the period 2013-2017. All dogs were subjected to magnetic resonance imaging examination; T1- and T2-weighted transverse and sagittal images of the brain, craniocervical junction and cervical spine were obtained in all cases. Each patient was assigned a grading of Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia, according to the British Veterinary Association/Kennel Club-Chiari-like malformation and Syringomyelia Health Scheme. Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia were shown in all cases, and although the clinical symptoms, the breed and history generates a presumptive diagnosis, the diagnosis can only be confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging examination.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXII, Issue 2
Written by Bianca MATOSZ, Cristian DEZDROBITU, Cristian MARTONOS, Vlad LUCA, Sidonia BOGDAN, Aurel DAMIAN

The structure of the salivary glands is different depending on the species and diet. The glandular secretion can be serous, mucous or mixed. Within the same order, for instance in rodents, there are dissimilarities between the major salivary glands, even if the diet is similar. In this study, we used five Wistar rats, originating from the University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu” biobase, in Cluj-Napoca. After inducing neuroleptanalgesia, the method of euthanasia was cervical dislocation and then a stratigraphic dissection was accomplished. We mention that these euthanasia methods are allowed by 2010/63/UE directive of the European Parliament and the Council from September 22^nd of 2010, regarding animal protection used for scientific purposes. The external features were assessed and compared to published literature on other similar species. The macroscopic examination revealed that the major salivary glands in rats are similar to those from other species of mammals when referring to the general macroscopic aspect. The parotid gland is localised at the base of the auricular concha, without exceeding the outer ear base, extended distally in the ventral cervical region. The rats’ ventral extremity of the parotid gland faces and ends with a sharp angle, toward the scapular-humeral joint, covering the jugular gutter with this layout. Aboral border of the mandibular gland is covered by ventral extremity of the parotid gland, both mandibular glands being near the external jugular veins. As a location, the mandibular glands in rats reside in the sublaryngeal and subtracheal region. Sublingual glands are located orally from the rostral pole of the mandibular glands, maintaining in a certain way the same layout as the mandibular glands.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXI
Written by Georgeta DINESCU, Sorina NICOLA, Ioana Cristina FUNDĂȚIANU, Claudia CONSTANTINESCU, Emilia CIOBOTARU

Understanding the pathological processes occurring in the male genital system requires advanced knowledge about its morphofunctional features. Even though the lesions of the male genital system in the dog are not as common, they constantly occur in general practice often being regarded as challenging in terms of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology, the cytological features and the efficacy of the cytological examination in achieving a definitive diagnosis in male genital system lesions in dogs. This study was conducted over a 5 years period (2008-2012) in the Departament of Pathological Anatomy of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bucharest and consists of 109 male dogs presenting genital lesions. The samples were obtained by fine needle aspiration, imprinting, scraping and surgical biopsy. The slides were prepared by squeezing and sliding techniques. For cytologically examined samples Romanowsky type stains were used: classic or quick MayGrünwald Giemsa and Diff-Quick.29 cases of testicular lesions were both cytologically and histologically examined. During these 5 years, a total of 1872 male dogs have been specifically examined and 109 (5.8%) presented genital lesions. Of the 109 dogs considered for the study, 104 (95.4%) had testicular lesions and 5 (4.6%) had penile lesions. The 104 testicular lesions were diagnosed as follows: 20 cases (19.2%) with cryptorchidism and testicular hypoplasia, 16 cases (15.4%) with testicular degeneration, 10 cases (9.6%) with orchitis, and 58 cases (55.7%) with testicular tumours: seminoma (n=15), Sertoli cell tumours (n=13), interstitial (Leydig) cell tumours (n=15), mixed testicular tumours (n=15). The diagnosed penile lesions included acute balanoposthitis (n=1), squamous cell carcinoma (n=1) and transmissible venereal tumours (n=3). In both cytologically and histologically examined cases, cytological diagnosis was confirmed by histological diagnosis in 90% of the cases. Diagnostic errors occurred in individuals presenting testicular tumours where cytological examination did not confirm histological findings; in these cases histological examination revealed mixed tumours.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXIV, Issue 2
Written by Hasan ERTOP, Atilgan ATILGAN, Ali YUCEL, Burak SALTUK

In the livestock enterprises, the wastes which are produced after the production can be shown as a pollutant source when not properly managed. Wastes from livestock enterprises must be stored and managed properly. The use of renewable energy sources is increasing due to the reduction of fossil energy resources and the environmental pollution of these resources. Biogas energy production among renewable energy sources in the direction of developing technology and increasing population needs can be applied in areas where animal breeding facilities are carried out. In case of animal wastes reaching underground and surface water resources for biogas production, water pollution will occur. Therefore, the properly storage of wastes on animal barns and transfer to biogas plants may remove the potential negative effects on water resources. In cases where waste from livestock enterprises is not stored properly, these enterprises will be the source of pollutants for water resources. In study area, primarily livestock potential enterprises that will cause pollution problems to water resources have been determined. Potential biogas quantities to be generated from these facilities have been calculated and the potential contributions of livestock enterprises to energy costs have been investigated.

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Currently, in Romania, retailing medicinal and other veterinary products is an important part of veterinarians’ activity. The study was conducted from March to September 2013 in 20 veterinary pharmacies in Bucharest. The analyzed issues were related to: location, size, connection to mandatory utilities, drugs regime, arrangement of medicinal products on the shelf, conditions of microclimate, holding the required documents, filing records, employed personnel. Of the 20 veterinary pharmacies analyzed, 15 were located at the basement of residential buildings and had separate access than the one of tenants, while the remaining 5 pharmacies were located in separate buildings. All veterinary pharmacies were connected to sewer, water and electricity, and 13 pharmacies were secured with anti-theft systems. None of the analyzed veterinary pharmacies had laboratory, which means that none of these pharmacies prepared medicines. Veterinary pharmacy’s warehouse was equipped with temperature and humidity insurance systems in 12 pharmacies. In 8 pharmacies, microclimate parameters were recorded in special registers. Veterinarians were employed in all studied pharmacies, while in 7 units the personnel includes also veterinary technicians. Lockers for the storage of substances included in Separanda and Venena lists were present in 16 pharmacies. The study of 20 veterinary pharmaceutical units in Bucharest showed that they largely respect the organizational conditions specified by law; however, there is a relatively small number of units fully complying with legislative requirements.

Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXI
Written by Alexandru-Gabriel NEAGU, Niculae TUDOR, Constantin VLĂGIOIU

In small animal practice thoracic radiography is a useful diagnostic tool providing important information about heart disease. The purpose of this study was to determine heart size of six clinically healthy dog breeds by computerized radiographic technique. The study was taken into account 90 dogs: 15 Pekingese, 15 Bichon, 15 German Shepherds, 15 Labradors, 15 German Brack and 15 Mongrel. Ages ranging from 1 to 15 years. Following the evaluation of VHS of the six dog breeds were obtained the following values: German Brack had an VHS mean value of 10.9 v (10.5-11.7 v), Labrador had an VHS mean value of 10.1 v (9.6-11 V), Bichon had an VHS mean value of 9.2 v (8.7-10.7 v), Pekingese had the VHS mean of 9.3 v (8.7-10.4 v), Mongrel had an VHS mean value of 9.5 v (8.8- 10.5 v) and German Shepherd had an VHS mean value of 9.8 v (9.1-10.5 v). VHS method represents a useful method for monitoring progression of heart dimensional changes over time for each individual

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Lucian-Ionel ILIE

Foodstuffs of animal origin continues to record increased demand among consumers, compared to vegetable products, because they are characterized by a high biological value which is given by the rich content of most essential amino acids (Tăpăloagă, 2014). The development of metabolic processes, where foods are involved, must be done with respect for certain values for parameters that influence consumer health. The study presents some of the ingredients involved in making meat preparations and their medical importance, the values of some parameters that characterize their quality and safety while assessing the degree of consumption of these assortments of animal food. Sometimes, food quality characteristics are omitted by consumers either knowingly (when the cost price is the one that is the prime), or because of the way the product is presented which most of the time does not reflect the true reality, but the appearance, the smell, the taste or the way of packaging make it unremitting. Although, the values for the parameters determined by us, have been within the normal limits set by current legislation, the age of consumers (especially children) is worrying and also their weight in the daily diet, the two may adversely affect the health of these consumers later.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Catalin MICSA, Manuela PASCAL, Dorin TOGOE, Alin Ion BIRTOIU, Alexandru SONEA

Laparoscopic surgery gained a lot of field in human and veterinary medicine, replacing successfully many invasive surgical techniques. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a reality and units must convert from open to endoscopic technique. To this end we have used the pig, whose biliary anatomy resembles the human, as a laboratory in vivo training model. This aspect has led to imagining and establishing cholecystectomy techniques in pigs that were subsequently applied to humans. We conducted the current study to address the need for a systematic investigation of anaesthetic and analgesic protocols in Landrace pigs. The goal of this study was to evaluate a partial intravenous anaesthetic (PIVA) protocol for Landrace pigs that yielded sufficient sedation for peripheral vascular catheterization, analgesia and miorelaxation for laparoscopic techniques and would have minimal cardiovascular effects while being safe for the patient. The study was carried out during several training session for surgeons on laparoscopic techniques. Sixteen pigs (weight between 15 and 30 kg, with a mean weight of 21 kg) were anaesthetized for the procedures. Pigs were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: MFK group (receiving midazolam 0.2 mg/kg/h, fentanyl 10μg/kg/h and ketamine 10μg/kg/min) or KL group (receiving ketamine 10 μg/kg/min and lidocaine 30μg/kg/min). Heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and saturation of oxygen were monitored throughout the anaesthesia and recorded every 5 minutes using a vital signs monitor. Muscle relaxation was appreciated using a subjective scale. Midazolam-fentanyl-ketamine provided better analgesia and muscle relaxation, with minimal cardio-vascular effects compared to the KL protocol. Both protocols can be used in swine and ensure stable cardiovascular parameters during general anaesthesia in this species.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXIV, Issue 2
Written by Isabela Voichița ISACONI (BULAI), Ștefania RAITA, Claudia Mariana CONSTANTINESCU, Teodoru SOARE, Manuella MILITARU

Raw dried salamis with noble mould are among Romania’s most popular meat food products. The assumption that there might be an unknown side to the structural integrity of the ingredients in such products has developed over time. A physico-chemical analysis was carried out on six salami samples of various brands of the raw dried salamis known as “Salam de Sibiu” and “Salam de Hateg”, both available on the retail market. The following parameters were measured: humidity percentage, nitrites content, NaCl content, easily hydrolysable nitrogen, percentage of fat and amount of protein. All samples underwent the histopathologic examination routine procedure with paraffin and HE (haematoxylin and eosin) stain. The values of the integrity parameters comply with the applicable legislation, but vary significantly from a producer to another. The histopathologic examination indicated the presence of animal tissue and plant structures. We consider this examination to be useful in identifying structural non-compliance.

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