Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Latif Emrah YANMAZ, Elif DOGAN, Zafer OKUMUS, Mahir KAYA, Armagan HAYIRLI

Ultrasonography is the most reliable examination in the diagnosis of umbilical diseases in calves. However, a large number of veterinarians are not capable of performing ultrasonographic examination. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assist practitioner in consideration of easily obtained clinical findings and possible outcome of the umbilical diseases according to clinical score. Medical records of owned 322 calves with different umbilical diseases (Omphalitis, umbilical abscess, urachal infection, umbilical hernia, omphalophlebitis, umbilical abscess+umbilical hernia, omphalitis+umbilical hernia) were reviewed. Clinical findings of each calf were pointed according to clinical scoring system. Surgery was performed in all types of umbilical diseases except for calves in group of omphalitis (medical treatment). The clinical score of animals was significantly changed according to umbilical disease. The highest clinical score was obtained in calves group of umbilical abscess+umbilical hernia (16.21±0.35). However, the calves in group of umbilical hernia (2.29±0.38) had the lowest clinical score. The clinical score with the highest specificity and sensitivity was >15 (sensitivity = 100 %, specificity = 91.5 %). A clinical score > 15 was associated with mortality rate of 98 % (95 % CI = 96-100). Mortality rates of omphalophlebitis, umbilical abscess+umbilical hernia and umbilical abscess were 16.7% (4/24), 15.2% (5/33) and 9.6% (7/73), respectively. Overall, 95% (306/322) of our calves were survived onemonth following surgery. In conclusion, the clinical score has an important role for outcome of the umbilical disease in calves.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Doina DANES, Dan ENACHE, Dragos COBZARIU, Stelian BARAITAREANU

RLVs are retroviruses belonging to the genus Lentivirus (subfamily Orthoretrovirinae). The earliest report of a disease whose pathological pattern suggest the SRLV infection was in Nederland, in 1862. Since then, several reports of clinical cases and scientific research, proved the wide dissemination of SRLV infections (Maedi-Visna in sheep and Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis in goats) throughout all countries with large number of sheep and goats. In 1998, it was published a phylogenetic analysis of SRLV and it was proved the cross-species transmission of CAEV and MVV strains; moreover, in 2010, phylogenetic reconstructions supported the existence of SRLV cross-species transmission between domestic and wild small ruminants. SRLVs is a genetic continuum of lentiviral species (MVV, CAEV) in sheep and goats with evidence based of cross species transmission. The high genetic variability of SRLV, generate the classification of the viral genotypes into five groups and several subtypes, based on the phylogenetic analysis of two long genomic segments: the gag-pol segment (1.8 kb) and the pol segment (1.2 kb). Pathogenesis of lentiviral infections is the result of several particular factors, as the virus strain, the genetics of the host and the microenvironment. All this are influencing the tropism of lentivirus to a particular host animal or cell, tissue or organ. Till present, despite the huge and increasing speed in bio technics, the pathogenesis of SRLV infections, either in goat or in sheep, is not completely understood and the interaction of the host with those viruses is not fully known.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXIII, Issue 1
Written by Oana Mărgărita GHIMPEŢEANU, Florin FURNARIS

In the context of high consumption of different types of beer and given the consumer demand regarding the food safety, the purpose of this study was represented by the quality control of these products using physicochemical methods. The data revealed information regarding pH value, alcohol content, carbon dioxide content, value of the original, real and present extract, energetic value and foam quality determination. The results showed an uniformity of data from lots of the same sort, which proved a core in applying of the quality management system. In conclusion, it can be said that products obtained in the studied unit meet quality requirements imposed by applicable standards and consumption of these products presents no risk of physicochemical nature.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXI
Written by Radu CONSTANTINESCU, Victor CRIVINEANU, Gheorghe GORAN, Raluca Teodora NAE, Mario Darius CODREANU

The kidney is a well-vascularised organ and suitable to be evaluated by Doppler ultrasound, which is a non-invasive technique that can be used to estimate the renal vascular resistance by calculation the resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI). RI and PI can be calculated from renal arteries, interlobular arteries, and arcuate arteries. In human patients, renal vascular resistance has been reported to be associated with the early hypertensive renal damage and also to correlate with the systemic blood pressure. The study was conducted over a two year period (December 2012- December 2014) in the Department of Internal Medicine of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, on twenty eight dogs with different renal diseases. Significant differences were found between renal vascular resistance and red blood cell count, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Increased intrarenal vascular resistance may be associated with hypertension as a result of renal disease. The aim of this study was to assess renal vascular resistance in dogs with renal disease and the relation between renal RI and PI with systolic blood pressure in dogs with different renal diseases.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. 19 ISSUE 4
Written by Magdalena GONCIAROV

Romania, since 2007, was included among European Union countries. In these circumstances, the Romanian state legislation passed through a series of changes that have always sought to align EU rules. These changes were applied including veterinary structures in Romania. For this reason, I had known organization of veterinary services in the European Union Member States for adoption by the Romanian state has a functional structure agreed by the European Union. In terms of veterinary organization in countries that joined the European Union for a longer period of time, the veterinary services have a stable organization that has as main purpose prevention and control of animal diseases (including zoonoses) and strict control of food, while in countries that recently joined the European Union, veterinary services mainly dealing with the implementation of laws and systems desired by the European Union and used therein.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. 19 ISSUE 4
Written by Agripina SAPCALIU A., MATEESCU C., SAVU V., RADOI I., MILITARU I.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXI
Written by Aurel DAMIAN, Ioana D. CHIRILEAN, Florin G. STAN, Cristian C. DEZDROBITU, Cristian O. MARTONOS, Ionel PAPUC, Melania C. CRIȘAN, Irina IRIMESCU, Flaviu TUNS

Taking into consideration that literature asserts that pigs share common vascular and cardiac traits with humans and represent an important experimental animal model for research advances, our study addresses the need to establish if the subclavian arteries in pigs present intraspecific variations concerning their branching and topography. The study was performed using a research group of 12 carcasses of commercially slaughtered crossbreed adult pigs (7 males and 5 females), weighting between 80 and 110 kg, obtained from different breeders. We have performed a stratigraphic dissection using common techniques in order to access the heart and the origin of the main arterial vessels, followed by the injection of a colored plastic material (latex) in order to highlight the features found in the targeted arterial branching. After the injection, the dissected pieces were fixed by immersion in a 2% formaldehyde solution, for 48 hours, also allowing the colored latex to solidify. This permitted the completion of the dissection and a good examination of the arterial branching and of is topographic relations. Our results indicate that in pigs the right subclavian artery is a constant branch, which in swine emerges from the brachiocephalic trunk, while the left subclavian artery, also constant, detaches directly from the aortic arch. The caliber and lumenum of the right subclavian artery is significantly smaller by comparison to its left counterpart. None of the subjects sampled in our study presented the external thoracic artery as a branch of the subclavian arteries. Our results indicate that the subclavian arteries in pigs do not present the same intraspecific variety noted in human, which is can be accounted for by the significantly short life span of this species, due to commercial slaughter.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXI
Written by Ionut Cristian GÂRJOABĂ, Marius Alexandru CIOCĂNĂU, Ruxandra COSTEA

In this paper we present a case of a female bat (nyctalus noctula) found with a complete closed fracture in the third middle of the right radius diaphysea. Therapeutic protocol consisted of applying a fixed bandage with a removable plastic splint covered with synthetic adhesive material after providing analgesia and anesthesia. Radiological images after immobilization show correct positioning of the fracture. Post interventional indication was to maintain the bandage for 6 weeks in order to keep the two bone segments (distal and proximal radial) in physiological anatomical relationships, to monitor his integrity and to provide analgesia since it is reported a high degree of auto mutilation. Analgesia was continued for 5 days.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXII, Issue 2
Written by Lucian-Ionel ILIE, Ovidiu SAVU, Constantin SAVU

Every person, every family, even every society has its own type of food. Between humans and his nutrition there is a close relationship, depending on many factors such as: dietary habits, age, religion, income, social status and group affiliation. The influence of religion on food consumption manifests itself differently from one nation to another, from one individual to another, depending on the type of religion and the degree of confidence of every individual who follows its religious percepts. The "halal" concept is a criterion for quality and food safety, which consists of a set of principles, standards and rules that must be applied and followed throughout the production process and supply chain, along with the HACCP system allowing monitoring all industrial transformation processes of materials and identification of the deviations that could make the food unfit for consumption. The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of checkpoints throughout the technological process for obtaining halal meat products compared to the traditional, classical food products, to obtain the safest finished products.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. 19 ISSUE 4
Written by Ovidiu SAVU, Constantin SAVU, Lucian Ionel ILIE, Andra DOBREA (POPESCU), Elena NISTOR, Mara GEORGESCU

Food defense represents protection of food against any contamination or adulteration which is done on purpose. The same as food safety dangers, which are unintentionally associated with food, the terrorist attacks and other types of intentionally contamination can take place in different stages of food chain, starting at the farm, including the primary production – raising crops, animals breeding, distribution, processing, transport, marketing, storing, and to the final consumer. That is why the application of food defense system through all the stages of the food chain, from farm to fork in order to guarantee that food is safe for consumption and dangers that can intentionally be introduced in food are prevented or eliminated, is crucial.

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