Scientific Works Series C. Veterinary Medicine

PRINT ISSN 2065-1295, ISSN-L: 2065-1295, ISSN CD: 2343-9394,ISSN ONLINE 2067-3663
 

Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXXI, Issue 1
Written by Ioana-Bogdana NICOLA, Rodica-Maria GHIȚĂ, Cristian Ionuț FLOREA, Andrei RĂDULESCU, Crina Alexandra BOANCĂ, Alina ȘTEFĂNESCU, Alexandru Bogdan VIȚĂLARU

Cats exhibit a high susceptibility to the formation of urinary calculi, which can lead to severe urinary complications. This study was conducted on a batch of 46 cats from a private veterinary clinic in Bucharest, consisting of 15 females and 31 males. Among the females, 14 were spayed, while 27 of the males were neutered. The most frequently identified type of urolith was magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), observed in 25 cases, followed by amorphous crystals in 13 cases, calcium oxalate in 3 cases, and mixed urolithiasis (magnesium ammonium phosphate and calcium oxalate) in 5 cases. Shorthairs showed the highest prevalence of struvite crystals. Middle-aged cats were the most affected, with a higher incidence in neutered males. These findings underscore the importance of early urinalysis and breed-specific preventive strategies to reduce the risk of surgical intervention.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXXI, Issue 1
Written by Ruxandra COSTEA, Ruxandra PAVEL

For veterinary medicine, day one competencies such as performing first aid in emergencies and safely administering general anaesthesia demand both theoretical understanding and practical expertise. Endotracheal intubation has been identified as a challenging clinical skill for students. This study aimed to assess veterinary students' confidence levels in performing endotracheal intubation in anaesthesia, document their previous experiences with the procedure, and describe their emotional states during the training. Students completed a survey evaluating the usefulness of high-fidelity models and cadavers in acquiring intubation skills. The training curriculum progressed from lectures and non-animal practice to hands-on work with high-fidelity models and cadavers, culminating in performing anaesthesia on dogs and cats in a university clinic. The feedback related to the necessary practical teaching training is crucial for tailoring the teaching process to ensure students develop the required competence before progressing to the next stage of training on live animals.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXXI, Issue 1
Written by Dragoș-Marian DUMITRAȘCU, Seralp UZUN, Florin DUMITRESCU, Iuliana IONAȘCU, Nicoleta Andreea MINCĂ, Elvira GAGNIUC, Niculae TUDOR, Dorin ȚOGOE, Aleksandra KURKOWSKA

Pheochromocytomas are rare adrenal medullary tumours in dogs, often associated with severe systemic effects due to catecholamine secretion. This report details a six-year-old spayed mixed-breed dog presented for a corneal melting ulcer, where polyuria-polydipsia prompted further investigations. Biochemical tests showed low serum cortisol (1.5 μg/dL) and cTSH (<2.5 ng/dL), with no other abnormalities. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a left adrenal mass adherent to the kidney and caudal vena cava, further confirmed by CT to involve significant vascular structures. Surgical intervention included total nephrectomy, adrenal mass excision, and vena cava reconstruction. Despite the technically successful surgery, the patient succumbed to postoperative cardiovascular complications (severe arrhythmia and hypertensive crisis) within hours after surgery. Histopathology confirmed pheochromocytoma without renal infiltration. This case highlights the essential role of advanced imaging in diagnosis and surgical planning and underscores the perioperative risks of managing such aggressive tumours.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXXI, Issue 1
Written by Marius-Mihai BĂDULESCU, Vlad Traian LUPU, Alexandru-Gabriel NEAGU, Raluca Mihaela TURBATU, Niculae TUDOR, Constantin VLĂGIOIU

Atlanto-axial instability is a condition that primarily affects small breed dogs, especially toy breeds, with a higher prevalence in young animals. These abnormalities can secondarily cause neurological disorders such as cervical pain and tetraplegia. This study aims to highlight the challenges in diagnosing atlantoaxial instability due to multiple causes, using advanced imaging techniques. The study was conducted on a 1.3-year-old female Yorkshire Terrier presenting neurological signs suggestive of atlantoaxial instability. Radiographic examination, CT scans, and MRI were performed, confirming the diagnosis based on developmental/congenital abnormalities at the occipito-atlanto-axial level.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXXI, Issue 1
Written by Dan CRÎNGANU, Iuliana CRÎNGANU, Raluca NEGREANU

Lymphodysplasia is the reversible process by which antigen-stimulated adult B lymphocytes dedifferentiate into peripheral lymphoblasts, then into immunoblasts, plasmablasts and then plasma cells secreting antibodies against the antigen that stimulated them. In lymphoma, malignancy occurs in the intermediate stages of dedifferentiation with monoclonal immunoblastic or plasmablastic proliferation in Plasmacytoma with the secretion of enormous amounts of chimeric antibodies. The pathogenic mechanism consider in this paper consists of prolonged antigen hyperstimulation with parasitic and cell-destructive proteins that cause an accentuated proliferation of undifferentiated adult lymphoblasts at the level of organized lymphoid structures: the spleen for centroblastic lymphoma and the mediastinal, mesenteric, peripheral submandibular, prescapular, superficial inguinal lymphocenters and polyploidy in multicentric lymphoma. In oncology, it is a well-known fact that chronic inflammation is an important risk factor on the scale of carcinogenesis and the Babesia spp. and Dirofilaria spp. parasites determine exacerbated inflammatory reactions, their components and toxic excretions being the antigen in the puzzle. Thus, we ask: canine lymphoma has not been demonstrated to have a clear trigger among the known etiological factors, but should we start looking for proof?

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXXI, Issue 1
Written by Adriana Maria DRAGOMIR, Maria Alexandra JALBĂ (PITRAN), Laurențiu TUDOR

Poultry meat is an important source of protein and very commonly consumed by the population globally. The bacterial agents involved in its contamination, and which pose a risk to public health, leading to serious diseases that can be transmitted through food, are represented by: Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. This study will present the transmission routes of these pathogens, the determinants of their persistence focusing on cross-contamination, poor hygiene of workspaces and environmental factors such as deviations of humidity and temperature. This article explores various strategies to reduce bacterial contamination in poultry, focusing on improving hygiene protocols, refining processing techniques, and enforcing stricter food safety standards. These actions are essential for safeguarding poultry meat and minimizing the public health risks posed by bacterial pathogens in the poultry industry.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXXI, Issue 1
Written by George Laurențiu NICOLAE, Cătălina GEORGESCU, Teodoru SOARE, Manuella MILITARU

Bone marrow (BM) evaluation is critical in diagnosing haematological disorders and staging different types of cancer. However, recent studies suggest its role in detecting disseminated tumour cells. This literature review aims to highlight the importance of BM evaluation and aid practitioners in collecting high-quality samples, focusing on domestic carnivores, horses, and laboratory animals, emphasising indications, types of specimens, and sampling techniques. Various indications for BM evaluation include peripheral blood abnormalities, lymphoma staging, myeloproliferative disorders and toxicological analysis. The main types of specimens are BM aspirate and BM core, each requiring a different type of needle. For domestic carnivores, the most accessible sites for collection are the proximal humerus and the iliac crest, while for horses, collection is performed from the sternum. In laboratory animals, BM aspiration is typically performed using the femur, tibia or the iliac crest as the collection site. BM sampling differs between species and can be challenging to obtain in some cases. Choosing the proper sampling technique and corroborating results with clinical and haematology data is important to maximise BM evaluation.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXXI, Issue 1
Written by Szilárd JAKAB, Iuliana IONAȘCU, Diana GOSAV, Agnes FABIAN, Emilia CIOBOTARU-PÎRVU

Tendinopathies in sport horses, particularly those with low healing rates, represent a major challenge in veterinary medicine. Shockwave therapy has shown promising significant effects, stimulating tendon tissue healing and reducing pain compared to conventional treatments. Deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) injuries are common in sport horses and are caused by repetitive biomechanical stress. This study examines the success of shockwave therapy in managing insertional injuries of the DDFT with low healing rates in a 14-year-old female Oldenburg show-jumping horse. Clinical and imaging assessments through MRI revealed significant improvements in approximately three months of therapy, including reduced pain, increased mobility, and improved healing of the affected tendon. This case report aims to demonstrate that Shockwave Therapy (ESWT) increases the healing rate, reducing recovery time in sport horses.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXXI, Issue 1
Written by Dorin TOOGOE, Nicoleta Andreea MINCA, Alexandru DIACONESCU

This study aimed to assess the quality of life and survival rate of brachycephalic puppies with congenital orofacial clefts (cleft palate and lip) during their first month of life. Conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Bucharest, the research included 12 puppies from brachycephalic breeds, with a majority of French Bulldogs. The study found that 4 puppies died immediately after birth, 2 within the first 48 hours, and the remaining 6 were monitored for 30 days. The puppies faced significant health challenges, including feeding difficulties, aspiration pneumonia, and malnutrition, leading to a high mortality rate. The results emphasize the need for better breeding controls, genetic screening, and early intervention to reduce congenital defects and improve outcomes for these dogs.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXXI, Issue 1
Written by Iuliana IONAȘCU, Jacqueline MOCANU

Indolent corneal ulcers in dogs, also known as canine spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCEDs), represent a significant challenge for veterinarians due to their frequency and tendency to recur, particularly in brachycephalic breeds. Debridement plays a crucial role in the healing process of indolent corneal ulcers in dogs. Over time, combinations of antibiotic eye drops and corneal healing agents have been employed. This study compared the effectiveness of an amniotic membrane suspension (EyeQ Amniotic Eye Drops®, Vetrix, Cumming, GA, USA) in 22 dogs diagnosed with non-vascularized and vascularized indolent corneal ulcers following multiple debridement procedures. The results of the study demonstrated that the presence of corneal vascularization reduces the healing period compared to non-vascularized indolent corneal ulcers.

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