Scientific Works Series C. Veterinary Medicine

PRINT ISSN 2065-1295, ISSN-L: 2065-1295, ISSN CD: 2343-9394,ISSN ONLINE 2067-3663
 

Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXXI, Issue 1
Written by Elena NEGRU, Cristina MICH, Anca BULGARU, Sonia Lucreția BEȘLEAGĂ, Mihai DANEŞ, Doina DANEŞ

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of certain cultivation parameters, such as pH adjustment, stirring and nutrient addition, on the bacterial density and toxin production of a Clostridium perfringens type C culture. Bacterial cultures were grown simultaneously on a 30-litre Bionet bioreactor and an industrial 500-litre bioreactor. Both experiments were performed using the same culture media, the same nutrients and the same inoculum and during the same timeframe. Differences in bioreactor equipment, such as homogenisation systems and pH measuring equipment, resulted in different final cultivation outcomes. The toxicity of the experimental Bionet culture was determined at 3200 LD50, while the industrial bioreactor culture tested at only 800 LD50 toxicity.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXXI, Issue 1
Written by Rodica-Maria GHIȚĂ, Ioana-Bogdana NICOLA, Cristian Ionuț FLOREA, Andrei RĂDULESCU, Crina Alexandra BOANCĂ, Alexandru Bogdan VIȚĂLARU, Alina ȘTEFĂNESCU

A 1-year-old, 20 kg, intact female mixed-breed dog was admitted to the clinic for a nephrology consultation following ethylene glycol ingestion. Upon examination, the patient displayed severe hypertension (202/154 to 205/156 mmHg, measured by oscillometric method), abdominal pain, conjunctivitis, advanced dehydration, a rectal body temperature of 38.9°C, and dry mucous membranes. Laboratory tests revealed elevated BUN 151 mg/dL, CRE 10.2 mg/dL, PHOS 9.9 mg/dL, and GLU 123 mg/dL. Urinalysis showed a borderline proteinuria (UPC 0.5-2.0), pH of 5.0, and microalbumin ≥25 mg/L. To preserve renal function, haemodialysis was indicated as extracorporeal renal replacement therapy. Over eight days, four haemodialysis sessions were performed following the placement of a central venous catheter under light sedation with oxygen therapy supplementation. These therapeutic interventions, including intensive fluid management, were crucial in improving renal function. Significant biochemical improvements were observed: BUN decreased to 66 mg/dL, CRE to 3.7 mg/dL and PHOS to 8.0 mg/dL. Additionally, Ca levels rose from 11.3 mg/dL to 13.5 mg/dL. This case emphasizes the importance of timely intervention in acute kidney injury following ethylene glycol toxicity. Continued monitoring is essential for long-term renal recovery.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXXI, Issue 1
Written by Maria Mihaela IFROSE, Emilia CIOBOTARU-PÎRVU

Gastric adenocarcinoma is the most frequent tumour which affects the stomach of dogs, having multiple causes. EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) has an important impact in the development and expansion of gastric tumours, representing the first receptor which provides the connection between overexpression and cancer. The present study included 36 dogs with digestive syndromes, expressed as vomiting and melaena. Routine histopathological examinations on full-thickness gastric biopsies sampled by endoscopy, and on the tissue samples taken during necropsy, were completed by EGFR identification by immunohistochemistry, which could be used to estimate prognosis and select therapy. It has been concluded that 14 cases presented signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma, nine patients with tubular adenocarcinoma, ten with papillary adenocarcinoma, while the rest of three patients had undifferentiated adenocarcinoma. The highest rates of EGFR expression were identified in 38.4% of cases (n=10), highlighting a worse prognosis. EGFR expression was associated with the location of tumoural type, tumour size, cell differentiation, invasion, being positive in 26 cases of gastric cancer tissue (72%), while in the rest of ten cases (28%) were featured by low expression.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXXI, Issue 1
Written by Diana GOSAV, Agnes FABIAN, Sziland JAKAB, Iuliana IONASCU, Gabriel COTOR

Severe Equine Asthma (RAO - Recurrent Airway Obstruction) is a chronic respiratory condition commonly encountered in sports horses, significantly affecting athletic performance. This case study evaluates the effectiveness of a complex therapeutic protocol applied to a sports horse diagnosed with severe equine asthma. The protocol included pharmacological therapy (anti-inflammatory drugs, mucolytics, and nebulisations with bronchodilator medications), strict environmental management to reduce allergen exposure, and detailed monitoring of clinical progress. The results indicated a significant improvement in respiratory clinical parameters, a reduction in airway inflammation, demonstrated by the cytological analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage, and a considerable improvement in the cytological profile, leading to a gradual recovery of the horse's exercise capacity. This case highlights the importance of individualized treatment and strict environmental management in optimizing the health of horses diagnosed with severe equine asthma. The study provides valuable information for developing effective therapeutic protocols in current veterinary practice.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXXI, Issue 1
Written by Mihaela-Felicia SITARU, Dragos BIRTOIU, Manuella MILITARU

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cattle worldwide, significantly affecting both beef and dairy production systems. This article explores the epidemiology, risk factors, and management strategies linked to BRD. It emphasises the multifactorial nature of the disease, with key contributions from infectious agents like Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and viral pathogens, including infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR). Environmental and management factors such as poor ventilation, high animal density, and stress during transport or weaning further increase the disease’s incidence and complicate prevention efforts. The study shows that calves aged 2 to 4 months are most vulnerable, particularly during the post-weaning phase when immune defence is weakened, making them more susceptible to infection. Early detection through clinical observation and advanced diagnostic tools is essential, alongside preventive measures like vaccination, proper colostrum management, and stress reduction. The article highlights the significant economic impact of BRD, including slower growth, reduced productivity and higher veterinary costs, and advocates for integrated approaches that combine management, diagnostics, and vaccination to control the disease effectively and reduce long-term losses.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXXI, Issue 1
Written by Ionuț Răzvan DOBRE, Nicoleta CIOCÎRLIE, Gheorghe Valentin GORAN

The presence of veterinary drug residues in food raises significant public health concerns. Exposure to these residues, especially at high levels, can lead to adverse health effects for consumers, including allergic reactions, antibiotic resistance and other toxicological risks. The indiscriminate use of drugs in animal husbandry to promote growth or prevent disease leads to the accumulation of residues in animal tissues and products of drug residues including antibiotics, hormones, and anti-inflammatory substances. A total of 1605 animal-derived samples were analysed, including 209 beef, 453 pig, 61 sheep and goat, 11 horse meat, 700 poultry, 68 milk, 82 egg, 1 rabbit, 2 wild game and 18 fish samples. The detected antibiotics were penicillins, tetracyclines, sulphonamides, aminoglycosides and cephalosporins, in the following proportions depending on the type of sample: beef (13%), pigs (28%), sheep/goats (4%), horses (1%), poultry (44%), milk (4%), eggs (5%) and fish (1 %). Tetracycline residues were the most prevalent in poultry meat, detected in 64% of the analysed samples.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXXI, Issue 1
Written by Petronela Mihaela ROȘU, Diana Marilena ȘERBĂNESCU, Sorina Andreea BENCHIA, Adela Ioana MUSTĂȚEA, Iliana RUZHANOVA-GOSPODINOVA, Cristian Romeo BELU, Bogdan GEORGESCU

Red-necked wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus) belongs to the Diprotodontia order, Marsupialia infraclass, Macropodidae family, and the genus Macropus, and is spread particularly on the Australian continental. The Macropodidae family encloses all the marsupial herbivores, from which the kangaroos and the wallabies are the best known. This case study provides a complete description of the long pelvic limb bones in the red-necked wallaby. The morphological features of the skeleton provide valuable data in practice, allowing accurate species identification in case of disputes. The following conclusions emerged: the gluteal line is very high, the ischial tuberosity is rounded and drawn lateral, the iliopubic eminence is very developed, the greater trochanter is large, rectangular and undivided, the tibial intercondylar eminence is very high and elongated, and the articular surfaces relatively equal, the epipubic bones are L-shaped and the cranial extremity is the longer half.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXXI, Issue 1
Written by Ivona-Maria ZĂBAVĂ, Tudor Andrei KACENCO, Cosmin ȘONEA, Nicolae DOJANĂ

The present work investigates the changes in thyroid control of the laying cycle in Lohmann and Leghorn egg-laying selected hybrids versus unselected Sussex hens. Blood thyroxine (T4) concentration showed an upward trend from 20 to 32 weeks of age (woa), then T4 concentration decreased until 100 wk. The blood T4 evolution curve in Sussex hens was consistently below hybrid chickens (P<0.05). Blood triiodothyronine (T3) also showed an upward trend from 20 to 32 woa, followed by a plateau until 36 woa, after which, the T3 showed a slow downward trend until 100 woa. The increase in T4 and T3 levels during the period of laying was related to the increase in photoperiod. Both hybrid and Sussex hens showed a decrease of T4 to T3 conversion after 32 woa. The conversion capacity decrease was higher in hybrids versus Sussex. Blood T3 evolution levels correlated negatively and weakly with egg-laying intensity (r=-0.81 in Sussex, r=+0.05 in Lohmann and r=+0.17 in Leghorn) but positively with oviduct weight/body weight ratio (r=0.81 in Sussex, r=0.66 in Leghorn and r=0.49 in Lohmann hens).

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXXI, Issue 1
Written by Ana-Alexandra DOBRIN, Miruna STAN, Manuella MILITARU

Melanoma is a particular neoplasm arising from the unregulated proliferation of melanocytes. It affects both humans and different animal species that develop this tumour spontaneously, including canines, equines, and rarely felines. Understanding the pathology and molecular biology of melanoma can be enhanced by studying both two-dimensional and three-dimensional melanoma cell cultures from various species, some animals (e.g. dogs) sharing multiple physiopathological mechanisms with human melanoma. Moreover, established mouse melanoma cell lines from genetically modified models are commonly used for molecular characterization and utility in therapeutic testing, while noting limitations posed by genetic differences. Recent studies regarding isolation protocols for cultivating neoplastic melanocyte cultures show a significant variation including fine-needle aspiration, tissue excision, and enzymatic digestion. Hence, comparative genetic analyses indicate similarities between animal and human melanoma cells, especially regarding mutations in the BRAF and NRAS oncogenes. This review highlights the relevance of melanoma cell cultures across species as significant in vitro models for advanced cross-species melanoma research, enhancing insights into neoplastic initiation and progression and ultimately contributing to improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in veterinary and human pathology and oncology.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXXI, Issue 1
Written by Madalina Iulia SITEAVU, Roxana Ionela DRUGEA, Elena PITOIU, Elvira GAGNIUC, Emilia CIOBOTARU-PIRVU

The porcine respiratory disease complex represents a common polymicrobial condition that significantly impacts the worldwide swine industry. This study focused on identifying respiratory pathogens on a swine farm in Western Romania, where animals exhibited severe respiratory distress. A post-mortem examination was conducted on-site, followed by tissue sample and swab collection. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, and Streptococcus suis were isolated. Real-time PCR analysis was conducted on five pooled samples, detecting Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in all of them. Alphainfluenzavirus influenzae (Swine influenza virus) was identified in two pools, while Circovirus porcine3 (Porcine circovirus 3) was present in one. All tested samples were negative for Betaarterivirus europensis (Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and Circovirus porcine2 (Porcine circovirus 2). Histopathology revealed necrotising haemorrhagic pneumonia or fibrinous suppurative bronchopneumonia. This study provides evidence of multiple pathogens in swine exhibiting severe respiratory distress, with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae as a predominant pathogen. The findings highlight the complex nature of porcine respiratory disease and underscore the need for targeted interventions to enhance swine health and production.

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