Scientific Works Series C. Veterinary Medicine

PRINT ISSN 2065-1295, ISSN-L: 2065-1295, ISSN CD: 2343-9394,ISSN ONLINE 2067-3663
 

Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LX (1)
Written by Dimitrinka ZARPYANOVA, Teodora MIRCHEVA, Aleksandar ATANASOV

The aim of the present study was to define changes in concentrations of total proteins, albumin (as a negative acute phase protein), globulins (Glb), total protein and albumin/globulin ratio (A/G) in dogs with experimentally induced acute inflammation. The study was induced in 15 mongrel male dogs at the age of two years and body weight 12-15 kg. The animals were divided in two groups: experimental group (n=9) and control group (n=6). The inflammation was reproduced by inoculation of 2 ml turpentine oil subcutaneously in lumbar region while control dogs were injected with saline solution. Blood samples were collected into heparinized tubes before inoculation (hour 0) then at hours 6, 24, 48, 72 and on days 7, 14, 21. At the same time was taking blood and from controls. The concentration of Alb statistically significant decreased in the experimental group from at 72nd h to days 14. These results confirm that the concentrations of albumin may be considered as a negative acute phase protein. By contrast, the level of globulins rose from the 72nd h to days 21. The A/G ratio slightly decreased-on days 7 and 14. During the whole post inoculation period the TP levels remain unchangeable. Strong positive correlations were observed between proteinemia and albumin concentrations or A/G ratios. The A/G ratios were also negatively coupled to globulin concentrations as well as we reported negatively association between Alb and Glb and strong positively correlation between Alb and A/G ratio.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LX (1)
Written by Vladislav STANAĆEV, Dragan MILIĆ, Niko MILOŠEVIĆ, Vidica STANAĆEV, Zlatica PAVLOVSKI, Dejan BEUKOVIĆ, Nikola PUVAČA

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of soybean, linseed and rapeseed oils on the productive performance, carcass quality and fatty acid composition of abdominal fat of broiler chickens. At the beginning of the experiment, six groups with 40 day old chicks Cobb 500 line, with five replications were formed. Chicken were fed with two diet mixtures. During the first two weeks of the preparatory period, chickens were fed with starter mixture and after that period with grower diet mixture until the end of the experiment. The control group was fed with a mixture of standard composition, based on soybean meal and corn with the addition of 4% and 8% of soybean oil, while in the experimental groups, 4% and 8% of linseed oil and 4% and 8% of rapeseed oil were included. The experiment lasted 35 days. During the experimental period, chicks were fed and watered ad libitum, and microclimate conditions were regularly monitored. Control of body weight gain and feed consumption was performed every seven days. At the end of the experiment, 10 chicks from each group were sacrificed for the purpose of testing the carcass quality and fatty acids composition. Upon completion of the experimental period, the control group achieved body weight of 2122g and 2053g, and the experimental group with linseed oil 2164g and 2094g, while the group with rapeseed oil achieved 2121g and 2081g, respectively. Chickens on treatment with 4% linseed oil in the diet achieved significantly (P<0.05) higher body weight at the end of the experiment compared with the groups who were on treatment with 8% of rapeseed and soybean oil. Soybean oil in an amount of 4% had also a statistically significant (P<0.05) effect on the final body weight increase, compared with the body weight of chicks in a group with addition of 8% of soybean oil. Feed conversion ratio was lowest in the group with the addition of 4% linseeds and rapeseed oil, and the highest in the group with the addition of 8% linseed oil. The largest amounts of abdominal fat (18.9 g) were recorded in the group with the addition of 4% rapeseed oil and lowest in the group with the addition of 8% soybean oil (12.6 g). The analysis of chicks fatty acid composition of abdominal fat also showed that the introduction of 4 and 8% linseed oil in the diet of chickens had highly significant (P<0.01) effect on the increase in the content of linolenic acid (C18:3) compared with the control and experimental treatments. Chickens in the control treatment and treatment with 4 and 8% rapeseed oil have recorded a significantly higher (P<0.01) content of linoleic (C18:2) fatty acids in adipose tissue compared with chickens at linseed oil treatment. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that the addition of 4% oil showed better performance results, did not affect the quality of chicken carcasses, while the significant impact on the improvement of the chicks fatty acid composition of abdominal fat was present.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LX (1)
Written by Roman PEPOVICH, Branimir NIKOLOV, Kalin HRISTOV, Krasimira GENOVA, Tandju MEHMEDOV

Two licensed industrial pig farms from different regions of Bulgaria, with laboratory confirmed enzootic pneumonia had clinical and hematological studies. In the study farms the disease occurs in acute and subclinical form. According to the severity of clinical signs studied pigs were grouped into treatment groups. Of all pigs in the group were taken into sterile blood samples for paraclinical study. The results showed changes in red blood cell (eritropeniya, hemoglobinopeniya and decrease in hematocrit) in the white blood cell count (leukopenia, lymphopenia and eozinofilopeniya) and biochemical parameters (hypoproteinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia and hyperglycaemia) of experimental pigs.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LX (1)
Written by Petar STAMBEROV

This is a clinical case of an adult over twenty year old horse with a progressive melanoma with infiltration on the perineal region and around the tail. The purpose of this research is to clarify the nature of the process and to start an alternative therapy, depending on the results according to the clinic and laboratory analyses and in particular, the values of C – reactive protein.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LX (1)
Written by Florin STAN

In recent years, the species belonging to the order Lagomorpha and Rodentia are commonly used both as pets and in biomedical research, including in studies related to the digestive tract. The aim of this study was to perform a detailed anatomical description of the oral cavity of the two species. Due to their size and anatomical conformation is often difficult to make a proper examination of the oral cavity. Dissection was performed on 10 rabbits and 10 Guinea pigs of different sexes and ages. A very important and also quite confusing aspect is related to the dentition (some authors claim that the rabbits are monofyodont). Both species shows aradicular hypsodont dentition, (consisting of a short exposed crown and a long reserve crown with open root), elodont type (continuous growth throughout life). Rabbits are dyphyodont; they have deciduous and permanent sets of teeth compared to Guinea pigs that are monophyodont with a single set of permanent teeth without deciduous precursors. Both species share the same pattern of anisognathism, more pronounced in Guinea pigs, with the maxillary dental arch being wider than the mandibular dental arch. A large diastema separates the incisor and the cheek teeth in each jaw quadrant, being wider in guinea pigs compared to rabbits. Rabbits have one pair of mandibular incisors and two pairs of maxillary incisors with unpigmented enamel, two mandibular and three maxillary premolars and three molar teeth on each side in both the mandible and the maxilla. Guinea pigs have one pair of incisors, one pair of premolars and three pairs of molars on each dental arch. Contrary to rabbits, in Guinea pigs the mandibles (including premolar and molar teeth) are spaced further apart than the maxillae. The masseter muscle is well developed in both species. The temporomandibular joint in Guinea pigs does not subluxate in lateral movement, but allows a large degree of rostrocaudal movement. In rabbits the temporomandibular joint enables large lateral movement and low rostrocaudal movement. This morphological description helps both the clinicians and the researchers, being necessary for a proper understanding of the pathology of oral cavity in rabbits and Guinea pigs.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LX (1)
Written by Rosalie BĂLĂCEANU DOJANĂ, C. SAVU

The experiment was conducted on three groups (a control group and two experimental groups, A and B) of domestic rabbits, 11 weeks old, raised in household system. The rabbits were fed for 20 days with feed enriched in vegetable protein by addition of soya bean. Diets of experimental groups presented an energetic / protein ratio of 2,593 kcal / 15.2 g in group A and 2,586 l/17.0 in group B. The diet of control group presented an energetic/protein ratio of 2,548 kcal/12.3 g. After depletion of the experimental feeding period, the animals were slaughtered. To characterize the quality of carcass, there were determined as follows: dressing percentage, dissected fat and meat / bone ratio. Dressing percentage of the control group amounted to a value of 55.5% while in the experimental group dressing percentage amounted to 60.4% and, 62.0%, respectively, showing a stimulatory effect of protein supplementation on muscle growth. Dissectible fat values amounted to 3.71% in the control while in the experimental groups dissectible fat showed lower values: 3.31% and, respectively, 3.00%. This decrease is due to the increasing proportion of muscle and not by lowering the amount of fat. Meat / bone ratio in the control group amounted to 5.54, while in the experimental groups it had values amounting to 6.08 and 5.96, respectively. The experimental groups showed an increase in the ratio of meat / bone compared with controls. This was based on the increase in mass of skeletal muscle tissue, since bone weight remained relatively constant.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LX (1)
Written by Rosalie BĂLĂCEANU DOJANĂ, C. SAVU

The aim of this study was to investigated the effects of a different vegetal fiber diet on the daily gain and quality of rabbit carcass. Thus, four random groups of domestic rabbits aged 11 weeks were fed for 20 days with diets enriched in different percentages of vegetal fibers (wheat straw): 11% (control group) 14% (group A), 23% (group B) and, respectively, 33% (group C).. The average daily gain of the control group was 50.2 g /capita/day. The experimental groups showed a descending trend in the average of daily gain compared with control of 55.2 g (group A), 52.0 g (group B) and, respectively, 49.4 g/capita/day (group C), P=0.2877 . Gastrointestinal mass weight (calculated as percent from the living mass) was 22.2% in the control group, 21.4% in the group A,24.4% in the group B, respectively, 24.9% in the group C. With regard to dressing percentage, it was found that in the case of rabbit control group, dressing percentage amounted to a value of 58.9 ± 8.0%. In the experimental groups, the dressing percentage values were 59.50%, 56.5% and, respectively, 55.9% (P=0.0639). Total dissectible fat amounted to 2.03% of whole carcass in group A (P=0.0822), 1.77% in group B (P=0.0549) and 1.70 % in group C (P=0.0320), while in the control, this value amounted to 1.86%. Meat/bone ratio of the control group was 4.98. In the experimental groups the values of meat/bone ratio were 5.62 (P=0.0023), 4.87 and, respectively, 4.44, decreasing proportional with the increase in the fiber percentage of the diet. Moderate supplementation of the fiber percentage in the rabbit diets can increase the average daily gain and the percentage of dissectible fat and the meat / bone ratio, but fiber percentage of the diet (23% or over) is followed by lower average daily gain, decreased dressing percentage, decreased dissectible fat and meat / bone ratio.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LX (1)
Written by Mădălina BELOUS

Purpose: The potential of this study is to investigate issues regarding potential application of Lean six Sigma in Food Industry. The approach is based on a study case (10 Food Production Center, that already implements other quality techniques with commune parts with Lean Six Sigma). The paper explore in an analytical manner, the factors that can influence the implementing on the system in Food Industry with focus on the Quality Culture. Materials and Methods: The study is based on an exploratory method with a qualitative approach based on interviews with Managers. Other secondary data were collected through Audit Reports Analysis. Results and Discussions: The study could be a tool to investigate the potential application of Lean Six Sigma for Food Industry. Are some factors like Leadership, Organizational Culture, Training, Teamwork, Customer Satisfaction and Technical Systems, that can affect the implementation of Lean Six Sigma? Limitations: Food Production Centers explored in the study, does not applying Lean Six Sigma, but they are applying other quality techniques (ISO systems), that contains commune parts with the potential system. Also, the interviews were conduct with the top management level. Conclusions: The study is trying to create an overview regarding the potential application of Lean Six Sigma for Food Industry.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LX (1)
Written by Tiberiu CONSTANTIN, Ion Alin BÎRȚOIU

The reproductive tractus presents a series of innate defending (nonspecific) mechanisms and adaptative (specific) mechanisms, that can be affected by the endocrine status during pregnancy and puerperium. The conceptus grows under correct function of the immune system of the cow. One cytokine in particular, colony-stimulating factor 2, can promote preimplantation development and cause changes in conceptus function that increase the possibilities the conceptus develops to term. The puerperal period is characterized by an increased risk of uterine infections due to anatomic barriers which remain open for a few days. In this case bacteria are detected by the endometrial specialized immune cells which have toll-like receptors for the bacterial liants like peptidoglycans and lipopolysaccharides. The activation toll-like receptors enhances the synthesis and production of pro-inflammatory cytokins like the α tumoral necrosis factor and nitric oxide, which mobilizes the immunitary cells. There are at least 11 types of toll-like receptors which recognize bacterial and viral particles. Toll-like receptor 2 detects the peptidoglycan associated with lipoteichoic acid, lypopeptides and zimoshan, while toll-like receptor 4 and 9 recognize single liants, lipopolysaccharides and unmetilated bacterial DNA. Polimorphonuclear leukocytes (mainly neutrophils), monocytes and circulant macrophages, represent the first line defence against bacteria. Neutrophilic phagocytant activity is initiated by complement system and antibodies. Interleukin 6 appears in the first inflammatory stage, activates mature neutrophils, helps in their maturation, differentiates monocytes in mature macrophages and, also, differentiates natural killer cells. The role of different immunoglobulines (IgA, IgG, IgM) in local defence mechanisms and the endometrial synthesis rate or in other layers of the bovine reproductive tract has not been sufficiently studied yet. Still, some of these immunoglobulins have been identified in the cervico-vaginal secretions of cows infected with Campylobacter fetus. Preparturtm period is accompanied by peripheral leucocytosis which is followed by peripheric leucopenia during the first week post-partum.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LX (1)
Written by Branimir NIKOLOV, Any GEORGIEVA, Vasil MANOV, Anton KRIL

The significance of avian models for studying pathological processes including carcinogenesis, both from a chemical and from a biological viewpoint, has been already clearly demonstrated. The in ovo models appear to be the missing link between the in vitro and the in vivo experiments. This approach has considerable advantages: the tests are rapid, less expensive than animal experiments, less hazardous to the personnel, performing the experiments and they have reliable endpoints. Examples include preneoplastic liver lesions in embryonic avian livers in the In Ovo Carcinogenisity Assay (IOCA) and the induction of micronuclei in embryonic avian erythrocytes in hen’s egg test for micronucleus induction (HET-MN). In addition, the use of avian embryos in embryotoxicity testing is discussed.

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