Scientific Works Series C. Veterinary Medicine

PRINT ISSN 2065-1295, ISSN-L: 2065-1295, ISSN CD: 2343-9394,ISSN ONLINE 2067-3663
 

Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVI, Issue 1
Written by Oana VASILIU, Ioan Liviu MITREA, Mariana IONITA

Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) have been increasingly detected as carriers of multiple pathogens throughout Europe, being considered to be asymptomatic to the presence of most. Currently, a rapid urbanization of red foxes has been reported in many European countries, posing high risks for the both human and animal health. Here we describe a clinical case on a young male red fox which was rescued in March 2020 from an urban area of Bucharest (Romania). The fox was found collapsed and unresponsive on the street and immediately was referred to a wildlife rehabilitation center. On the clinical examination, the animal showed underweight (5 kg), hypothermia (T = 35.6°C), severe dehydration, pale mucosae, nystagmus, tremors, and hemoglobinuria. Whole body, cranial and thoracic radiographs revealed no traumatic injuries. Subsequently, a specific therapy for stabilizing the body temperature, oxygen and supportive therapy was administered. In the following two days, the general status of animal was improved, however, anorexia, slight fever (39.1°C-39.3°C), hemoglobinuria, glucosuria, proteinuria and apathy, were registered. Hepatic and renal parameters determined by biochemical analyses showed increased values. Based on this pathology, babesiosis was suspected and subsequently a blood sample was collected and analyzed by molecular qPCR technique which confirmed the Babesia DNA in the fox blood. The animal showed good response to the symptomatic treatment, therefore, no babesiicid treatment was considered. During the monitoring period, the fox displayed a clinical status significantly improved and at 13 days after its admission, it was released in a natural wild habitat. This case clearly shows that foxes invading urban areas pose potential risks for pathogens of medical and veterinary interest.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVI, Issue 1
Written by Teodora-Diana SUPEANU, Alexandru SUPEANU, Lucica SIMA, Viviana ROMAN, Dragoş COBZARIU, Stelian BĂRĂITĂREANU, Laura MENCHETTI, Doina DANEŞ

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) infection represents a viral immunosuppressive condition that predominantly affects the immune system, having no curative therapeutic options. The present research focused on the biological and physical effect of the use of poly-specific avian immunoglobulin Y (IgY) on some immune molecules of FIV infected cats, especially on gamma-globulins and white blood cells, as well as on how this therapy can amend or improve the quality of life of infected cats. The polyspecific avian immunoglobulin Y was used to treat two groups of feline patients: 10 patients infected with FIV and 10 patients free of the disease. The patients were monitored via blood samples collected on days 0, 20 and 40. The samples were used for testing the biochemical profile, CBC, WBC and the plasma concentration of 10 cytokines: Fas, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40 and RANTES. The study also attempted to establish the eventual side effects associated with the suppressed immune system of FIV infected cats.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVII, Issue 1
Written by Marie-Monique SORAN, Mariana IONITA, Ioan Liviu MITREA

Giardia duodenalis, a flagellate protozoan with potential zoonotic risk, is one of the frequent causes of diarrhea in animals and humans. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of G. duodenalis infections and associated risk factors in carnivores. For this, a total of 107 client-owned animals living in Bucharest area (Southeast Romania), including 89 dogs and 18 cats with a history of digestive disorders, were included in the study. Animals were of different breeds and different ages; dogs aged between 2 months and 13 years (average 3.08 years; standard deviation - SD = 3.06) whereas cats aged between 5 months and 16 years (average 3.12 years; SD = 3.07). Fresh fecal samples were collected and tested for the presence of coproantigen (Ag) of G. duodenalis using a commercially available rapid immuno-chromatographic test. Additionally, a subset of 55 fecal samples (44 from dogs and 11 from cats) were subjected for a copro-parasitological examination for detection of Giardia cysts and other parasitic elements (protozoan oocysts, helminth eggs), using zinc sulphate flotation method. Overall, 21.4% and 5.6% of dogs and cats, respectively, were positive for G. duodenalis copro-Ag. Furthermore, 31.8% of the 44 copro-parasitologically tested dogs were positive for parasitic infections, of which 20.5% (9/44) were positive for G. duodenalis cysts, as single 11.4% (5/44) or mixed 9.1% (4/44) infections with other intestinal parasites, such as Isospora spp., Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum and Trichuris vulpis. All 11 cats tested negative by coproscopy. A good correlation between the Ag rapid test and microscopic identification of cysts for Giardia infection was registered. These findings confirm G. duodenalis and other intestinal parasites as causative agents of enteric disorders in client-owned dogs and cats and emphasize on potential zoonotic risks.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Diana Oana OPREA, Carmen Daniela PETCU, Emilia CIOBOTARU-PÎRVU

Featured by the so-called “nutritional value” and being highly beneficial for the young mammals, the milk is an important alimentary component. Milk and dairy products undergo a large number of analyzes, aiming to establish chemical composition, assessing of nutritional value, identifying falsifications, and adhering to manufacturing prescriptions. Through analyzes changes due to non-compliance with hygiene rules during milking or transport, can be identified and highlighted. The quality of raw milk is crucial in order to obtain dairy products that meet the applicable legal requirements. Standard laboratory analyzes have been used in this study in order to assess physical and chemical parameters of raw milk, such as: density, acidity, fat content, protein and dry matter. A total of 201 samples, consisting of milk samples for consumption and acidic dairy products, harvested from a processing plant from the south of the country were analyzed. Laboratory analyzes were carried out to identify the quality of raw milk and any differences in the nutritional values of the acidic dairy products. The results proved that parameters taken into consideration (fat, density, acidity) were within the admitted limits for all analyzed products. The density of the milk falls within the limits of the assortment, with values ranging between 1,028 g/cm3 and 1,030 g/cm3. Acidity is within admissible parameters, with an average of 15.06oT for drinking milk, 84.75oT for yogurt, 82.76oT for sour-batter milk and an average of 67.60oT for sour cream. As a technological particular step of obtaining dairy products, the high pasteurization method is used in the study unit, which guarantees a longer shelf-life. In conclusion, the products under study were within the admissibility parameters set by the manufacturing unit in accordance with the legal provisions.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Carmen Daniela PETCU, Oana Diana OPREA, Laura STANCIU, Oana Mărgărita GHIMPEŢEANU

Bread is a product that occupies an important place in the basic nutrition of consumers, obtained by the total or partial baking of a dough properly grown, made from flour, water and yeast, with or without added salt. In order to analyze the impact of various types of bread on consumers, 30 samples of sliced white bread produced by different producers - 6 samples from each assortment - were studied. The following analyzes were carried out: determination of sodium chloride content, determination of protein content, verification of the nutritional values present on the label and sensory analysis of the samples included in the research. The studies have taken place in a factory laboratory and in the laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Bucharest. The sodium chloride content of the samples analyzed falls within the values indicated on the label and the protein content showed values within the declared production limits on the product labels. At the same time, a questionnaire was applied to 207 subjects aged between 21 and over 60 years. The purpose of this questionnaire was to obtain information from consumers about their preferences regarding bread consumption and the appreciation of the correspondence between what is written on the label and what is found in the bread. Analyzing the results, it is found that most people prefer to eat bread with both hot food and sandwiches, while others do not eat bread at all. Buyers put more emphasis on the freshness of the product, to the detriment of the ingredients used in manufacturing. As a result of the study conducted between 2017-2018, conclusions could be drawn on consumer’s preferences regarding bread consumption and the price-quality balance of purchased products.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Emanuela BADEA, Gheorghe Valentin GORAN, Victor CRIVINEANU

Aluminum is the third most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and makes for durable, light and corrosion resistant objects. Aluminum is also an excellent conductor of electricity. It has thus made its way into items all around us. Its bioavailability grew as its uses increased, being utilized as an additive in processed food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. Aluminum may contribute to several neurological and haematological disorders. This study aimed to study the aluminum levels in hair samples taken from cats and dogs. The study took into consideration the animals’ habitat, gender and age. Hair samples were analyzed via ICP-MS. Mean aluminum levels were higher in dogs (136.66 mg•kg-1) compared to cats (94.31 mg•kg-1). Both cats and dogs that lived outdoors registered higher Al levels than animals living indoors, but no statistical significance was found.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Ruxandra COSTEA, Ruxandra TUDOR, Andra DEGAN, Gina GÎRDAN

The choice of anesthesia protocols for swine must take into account, besides specific characteristics, the type of surgery and the experience of the anesthetist. The anesthesia protocol used for 64 cases ensured the premises of a good surgical performance in swine procedures, while adopting correct surgical and anesthetic techniques and a continuing monitorig of the patient. Main anesthetic complications related to anesthesia for swines, according to our research were: high sensibility regarding stress factors during contention, difficult vascular access and intubation, rapid installation of hypothermia, occurrence of malignant hyperthermia while using gaseous anesthetics, anaphylaxis, regurgitation and aspiration pneumonia. Complications occurred in 20.31% of cases, ranking this species in the category of patients with high anesthetic risk for invasive surgical procedure.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVII, Issue 1
Written by Gheorghe V. GORAN, Emanuela BADEA, Cristina ȚOCA, Victor CRIVINEANU

Heavy metals are more ubiquitous as their uses have grown over the years. This research aimed to assess the total concentrations of some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg) using cats’ fur as an indicator, while also taking into consideration the age, living and feeding conditions of the cats. The fur samples were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Generally, fur samples from cats that lived outdoors and that ate commercial food had higher total concentrations of heavy metals. The only exception is the total concentration of Cd, which was higher in the case of samples taken from cats living indoors compared to those living outdoors. In addition, samples taken from cats above the age of 5 had statistically significant higher Hg total concentrations compared to samples taken from cats between 3- 5 years old. The findings of this research support the assumption that cats which are raised outdoors, in a polluted environment, accumulate higher total concentrations of some heavy metals. In addition, total concentrations of heavy metals also rise as the cats get older.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVII, Issue 1
Written by Isabela Voichita ISACONI (BULAI), Manuella MILITARU

Information concerning the sources of raw material used in order to obtain meat products is of utmost importance, as many technologies permit the replacement of raw material with additives comprising proteins of various animal or plant origin. The purpose of this paper was to assess the quality of preserved sausages (by smoking, boiling, etc.) by using the routine histological examination. In this paper, a total of 22 sausages produced in various processing units were randomly acquired from supermarkets in Bucharest. The samples were performed according to the routine histological procedure by embedding in paraffin, using a histoprocessor, sectioned and stained by HE (hematoxylin-eosin), and by Tricomic Masson staining. The results of the current study indicate that the studied products contain several types of tissues in varying proportions (muscle, connective and adipose tissues, blood vessels) and amorphous, anhistous structures. The morphological wholeness of the muscle tissue was assessed by the specific structural elements (sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, nuclei). The study supports the introduction of routine histological examination as an additional method for assessing the quality of sausages.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXV, Issue 2
Written by Anca ȘEICARU

The paper presents the thoracic limb skeleton of the coypu as compared to the rabbit. The scapular girdle is represented by the scapula and the clavicle, bones that are well developed in this species. The acromion is short and tuberous. The ratio between the infraspinous and supraspinous fossae is 2/1. The deltoid tuberosity of the humerus appears evident. Contrary to existing literature, which describes the absence of the supratrochlear foramen, we identified it in two of the three investigated corpses. Between the bones of the forearm a wide interosseous space is present. The thoracic basipodium is represented by 9 carpian bones because a central bone is interposed between the proximal row and the distal row. The following bones appear in the latero-medial line of the proximal row: pisiform, scaphoid, triquetral, lunate. The latero-medial line of the distal row contains the following bones: hamate, capitate, trapezoid and trapezium.

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