Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. 19 ISSUE 4
Written by Gabriela – Dumitrita STANCIU, Mihai MUSTEATA, Mihaela ARMASU, Gheorghe SOLCAN

Epilepsy of unknown origin is incurable, but treatment in the form of constant medication can help control and prevent progression in the severity of the condition in many cases. If untreated, epilepsy of unknown origin can, in extreme cases, lead to cluster seizures and status epilepticus and death. The aims of this study were to describe a short time EEG recording (30 minutes) using Redding’s model to determine the diagnostic value of electroencephalographic recordings in dogs suffering from epilepsy of unknown origin. Electroencephalograms were performed on 24 dogs of mixed breeds suffering from epilepsy of unknown aetiology. Anaesthesia was induced with medetomidine hydrochloride and ketamine. EEGs were obtained via five subdermal needle electrodes. The EEG was recorded with sensitivity = 70

Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXIII, Issue 1
Written by Adina ARGASEALA, Lia ION, Gina GIRDAN, Ion Alin BIRTOIU, Jacqueline MOCANU, Iuliana IONASCU

Electroretinography (ERG) is an objective test that evaluates the retinal function. This paper wants to present to the veterinary Romanian scientific community the importance of using this diagnostic tool for clinicians dealing with blind patients. Candidates for ERG were selected from ophthalmological patients presented with blindness because it was difficult to establish a definitive diagnosis using only ophthalmological examination. All patients underwent general anesthesia. ERG was performed using the HMsERG unit, with preprogrammed included protocols. The protocols used in this study were Short protocol for the cataract surgery candidates and ISCEV protocol for the other patients. ERG confirmed the results obtained on chromatic pupillary light reflex evaluation. ERG proved useful in the following cases: diagnosing retinal inherited disorders, differentiating between retinal and postretinal causes of blindness, evaluation of retinal function in cataract surgery candidates. ERG objectively assesses the retinal function and should be used on a scale by practitioners dealing with blind patients.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXI
Written by Ioana LUPESCU, Stelian BARAITAREANU

Several zoonoses, including rare human diseases, can be transmitted by primates, exotic rodents, lagomorphs and carnivores, marsupials, bats, fish, amphibians and reptiles which are held in households as companion animals. Over the past few years, the interest in wild animals as pets has increased and this interest can also be observed in Romania. The risk of owning wild animals is significant because over 70% of zoonotic emerging infections originate in wildlife. Pathogens can be transmitted to humans through direct contact (e.g. Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Aspergillus spp., Candida spp., Mites), puncture wounds (e.g. Aeromonas spp., Mycobacterium spp., Zygomycosis, Phycomycosis, Mucormycosis), ingestion (e.g. Salmonella spp., Aeromonas spp., Campylobacter spp., Gnathostomiasis) or inhalation (Mycobacterium spp., Aspergillus spp., Candida spp.). In this paper, we reviewed zoonoses and zoonotic agents that can be transmitted by reptiles. To identify pathogens frequently involved in zoonoses transmitted by reptiles, we studied official reports of WHO and scientific papers published in the last ten years. The following diseases were analysed: salmonellosis, tuberculosis (Mycobacterium marinum), campylobacteriosis, Q-fever, Baker-Rosenbach's erysipeloid, Edwardsiella tarda infection and Aeromonas infection. The numbers of pathogens that can be transmitted by exotic pets and the severity of diseases that these pathogens cause to humans and other animals can be high. However, reptiles weren’t involved in severe zoonoses outbreaks, and the probability of introducing a severe zoonosis in endemic regions seems to be low. Unfortunately, pet owners don’t take into consideration the diseases that their animals can transmit, they do not ask for specialists' recommendations and they ignore the preventive measures that should be taken. As a conclusion, the reptile keepers should consider preventive measures, such as: (1) rigorous personal hygiene after contact with an exotic animal; (2) the use of protective equipment, especially when handled animals are showing clinical signs of disease; (3) isolation and treatment of ill animals; (4) periodic cleaning and disinfecting of the accommodation cages.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXI
Written by Iudith IPATE, Alexandru BOGDAN, Constanța STRASSER, Simona IVANA, Horatiu STRASSER, Janos SEREGI, Nicolae IPATE, Gabriela DAVID, Janos TOSSENBERGER

United Nations (UN) has designated the period 2011-2020 as the "United Nations Decade dedicated to biodiversity". The main implications on health status in relation to biodiversity include: health and nutrition security, infectious diseases, medical science and resource development of drugs at social and psychological health and spiritual wellbeing. Bio-security of natural resources is a major need food as a sustainable economy must respect "offer" ecosystems. Requests exceeded global sustainable productivity of natural systems with over 50% of humanity consumes more natural resources since 2007. Food poisoning is a re-emerging health problem, according to reports of drug prevention and control the national and European of communicable diseases which shows an increase in the number of foodborne illnesses caused by microorganisms such as Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, parasites. Such re-emerging disease is caused by a complex of factors acting as a result of the rapid changes taking place globally, including demographic changes, new practices intensive animal husbandry, extensive proliferation of systems for preparing and distributing food, changing eating habits and so on lead to less common pathogen infection and rapid spread and the geographic scope of pathogens already recognized representative.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXIII, Issue 1
Written by Georgeta DINESCU, Raluca Ioana RIZAC, Valentina PETRE, Claudia Mariana CONSTANTINESCU, Patricia Valentina DOBRE, Andrei TĂNASE

This paper’s purpose is to identify the epidemiologic and morphologic characteristics of cutaneous round cell tumors diagnosed using aspirative cytology in dogs. The study was conducted over a period of five years on a total of 225 dogs, aiming predisposition to gender, age and lesion location, as well as identifying the cytomorphologic characteristics of the lesions. Cytology was performed using FNA, smears being displayed by spreading, air dried and Romanowsky stained. Of the 225 studied cases of cutaneous round cell tumors, 110 (49%) were histiocytic tumors, 96 (43%) were diagnosed as mast cell tumors, 10 (4%) were plasma cell tumors, 2 (1%) cutaneous lymphomas and 7 (3%) were extragenital transmissible venereal tumors (cutaneous). The difference between sexes was not significant, 51% of the affected animals being males and 49% females. Most tumors were localized on the limbs (46%), followed by the trunk (38%) and head (20%).The relevance of the cytological examination was maximum for the mast cell tumors, differential diagnostic problems being faced between histiocytic tumors and plasma cell tumors or transmissible venereal tumors. Proper evaluation of cell populations, identifying the specific elements and morphological features of each cell type are essential, increasing the value of cytopathological diagnosis in veterinary medicine practice.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXI
Written by Magda GONCIAROV, Cristin COMAN

Epidemiological dynamics in major animal diseases, suffered extensive changes since the year 2007 and was dominated by vesicular disease, foot and mouth disease and Sheep and goat pox, to the detriment of diseases such as classical swine fever or avian flu, which dominate global epidemiological picture in the beginning of the years 2000. This paper aims to highlight the dynamics of major diseases in the last decade, the factors that led to their reappearance in areas that were eradicated for a long time, and the impact of national programs accelerated eradication of diseases like equine infectious anemia, classical swine fever, and others.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXI
Written by Manuela PASCAL, Ruxandra COSTEA, Dorin ȚOGOE, Alexandru VIȚĂLARU, Alexandru DIACONESCU, Alin Ion BÎRȚOIU

Epidural anesthesia is a simple, safe and effective way to administer anesthesic and analgesic drugs for caudal abdominal surgeries in canines. The aim of the study was to compare the analgesic effect of lidocaine or lidocainetramadol association administered epiduraly during ovariohisterectomy in the bitch. 14 bitches, ASA status 2 to 4, were premedicated with midazolam 0,2 mg/kg, butorphanol 0,2 mg/kg, induced with propofol 5 mg/kg iv and mantained with isoflurane. For 7 bitches lidocaine 2 mg/kg was administered epiduraly (L batch), while for the other 7 lidocaine was associated v:v with tramadol (LT batch). Analgesia was monitored intraoperatory (pulse frequency, non invasive blood presure, muscle relaxation) and postoperatory for the first 4 hours using the Glasgow pain scale. Blood pressure remained constant for both groups. There was a deduction of volatile agents in both groups, the bitches being extubated soon after stopping the delivery of anesthesic gas. Glasgow pain score was higher for the L batch (10) ompared to the LT batch (5), showing a higher analgesic capacity for the lidocaine-tramadol association. There were no complications, adverse effects or technique related difficulties for the epidural anesthesia in the bitches included in this study. In conclusion, the association between lidocaine and tramadol for epidural anesthesia represents an efective, cheap and simple alternative for analgesia during ovariohisterectomy in the bitch.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXIV, Issue 2
Written by Nicolae Tiberiu CONSTANTIN, Ecaterina ȘTEFAN, Mărgărita GHIMPEȚEANU, Monica FURNARIS

After Romania has joined the European Union (EU) in 2007, the Erasmus program opened "new doors" for the academic community all around the county. Nowadays, the education and training are essential in achieving a better Romania, Europe and World. After 20 years of Erasmus program in Romania, celebrated last year, it can be seen the impact of Erasmus generation; former Erasmus students being now European Parliament members or governors in other countries. Morover, the longevity of this program (more than 30 years) makes the process of internationalization to be most commonly declared aspect of the Erasmus experience. Incoming and outgoing persons data were collected for10 academic years, starting to 2006-2007, then it was used the interview technique for exponents from each group: outgoing undergraduates, outgoing PhD students, incoming PhD students and outgoing teachers. The main purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of the international cooperation in the mobility of persons generally, and of undergraduates particularly. This fact is revealed by the double acceptance Erasmus+ mobility: outgoing and incoming undergraduates.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXI
Written by Duygu MUTLUAY

Preimplantation is a process in which embryo is prepared for implantation to the wall of the uterus. This stage defines some morphological changes that occur in the first three days after fertilization during mouse development. It culminates in the generation of the blastocysts, which has a fluid-filled inner cavity and two distinct cell lineages. These two distinct cell lineages consist of trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM). While TE cells contribute to the placenta and the extraembryonic membranes and allow the blastocysts to implant in the mother’s uterine wall, the pluripotent inner cell mass gives rise to the fetus. Some transcription factors such as Cdx2 and Oct4 (Pou5f1) have been identified in the mouse blastocyst to generate TE and ICM. Cdx2 is specifically expressed in TE and suppresses the expression of Oct4. Oct4, a key regulator of pluripotency, is strongly expressed in ICM and is essential for early lineage segregation. To present the localization of this transcription factors, we flushed 2 cell stage embryos from the oviducts and cultured to late blastocyst stage in medium. Samples were fixed and immunostained with mouse anti-Cdx2, goat anti-Pou5f1, then images were assessed using a fluorescence microscope to show the localization and presence of Cdx2 and Oct4 by immunocytochemistry. In this work, we demonstrated and reviewed the current knowledge on the Cdx2 and Oct4 in the formation of TE and ICM that is important for understanding the mechanisms of mouse embryo development.

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