Scientific Works Series C. Veterinary Medicine

PRINT ISSN 2065-1295, ISSN-L: 2065-1295, ISSN CD: 2343-9394,ISSN ONLINE 2067-3663
 

Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 1
Written by Alexandra OPRESCU, Aurel VASIU, Carmen Dana ȘANDRU, Diana OLAH, Florina MARIAN, Marina SPÎNU, Emoke PALL, Gheorghiță DUCA, Mariana RUSU, Ioan Liviu MITREA

Marek’s disease (MD) is highly economically impacting viral disease in chickens aged 4 weeks - 4 month. Various hypotheses were posed to explain its recurrent epidemiology and increasing virulence over the years. This study aimed at comparing the epidemiological indicators of two confirmed Marek’s disease episodes (DIVA Real Time PCR) in two different series of Isa Brown pullets hatched one week apart on the same farm. The data indicated an increasing mortality due to MD from week 6 towards week 14, from 0.28 to 2.72% in the first series and 0.07 to 1.43% in the second one, with a cumulative mortality 3.26% and 2.28% respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the weight gains of the two series on week 14 (peak of MD mortality), but it decreased in the first series (1398.7g versus 1478.00 g respectively) by week 16. Although the two episodes significantly differed in mortality (p<0.05), except a slight variation of the size of the flock, no other circumstances could have been identified as influential causes, the variability being attributed to differences in viral pathogenicity.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 1
Written by Isabela Voichița BULAI, Raluca Aniela IRIMIA, Mara GEORGESCU, Dana TAPALOAGA

Most conventionally produced salamis are characterized by typical characteristics of preserved meat, including colour, flavour, and significant concentrations of residual nitrates. This paper compares the physical, chemical, and histological characteristics of some salamis obtained conventionally and artisanally in Romania. Based on the results of the physicochemical evaluation, the raw-dried, boiled, and smoked products salami that was analysed fall within the requirements of Order 560/2006, but there are significant differences between samples taken from different producers. The integrity parameters of premium products correlate with significant fluctuations in quality. It is important to note that since these are commercial products, they do not have a manufacturing and storage history. Despite this, our study suggests that: there is a large variation between traditionally and artisanal processed salamis. Compared to commercially produced products that were nitrite-treated conventionally, the amount of residual nitrite in most artisanal products was lower at sampling time thus, nitrites are introduced into most of these products indirectly, through components of other ingredients. According to the results of the histological examination, abundant blood vessels, connective tissue, adipose tissue, and nerve fibres were present. It has been stated that these occasional findings are inevitable as a result of the industrial processes.”

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 1
Written by Mihnea LUPU, Manuella MILITARU

The present paper aims to present the aggressive behavior of broiler breeder males against females and its consequences. The research took place in a breeding poultry farm and the objectives were: to identify and describe the specific lesions found in females and to observe the behavior of the roosters in relation to the females in order to identify behavioral patterns. In the study, 15 corpses were examined and the specific lesions of aggression were described, analyzing the location, extent and acute or chronic nature of the wounds. Thus, it was found that the main areas where the lesions were found, are the head and torso and from the point of view of depth, superficial and deep lesions were identified. Another aspect observed was the clear differentiation of lesions caused by aggression from those caused by cannibalism. Following the behavior observation sessions, it was found that the courtship behaviour of the roosters was poor expressed or even missing, which led in forced mating, and resulted in the described lesions.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 1
Written by Paul-Adrian BOR, Gheorghița DUCA, Carmen Dana ȘANDRU, Diana OLAH, Marina SPÎNU, Emoke PALL, Constantin CERBU, Florina MARIAN, Adrian POTÂRNICHE, Aurel VASIU

Anti-anthrax vaccination is stressful for animals, with a potential negative impact on some immune effectors. This research aimed to investigate the extent of those and estimate the effectiveness of vaccination. Twenty-three extensively raised dairy cows and 11 calves were sampled before and two weeks after the anthrax vaccination (R 1190 Stamatin strain). Blood samples were collected, subjected to blood counts and the N/L ratio was calculated as a stress index. The total Ig (24%o zinc sulphate precipitation) and circulating immune complexes (CIC) (4.2% polyethylene glycol precipitation) were quantified from the serum samples. The N/L ratio was of 0.79 ± 0 .59 before and 0.58 ± 0.45 after the vaccination in adult animals, while in calves it increased significantly (0.61 ± 0.25 and 1.11 ± 0.68, respectively). The total Ig concentrations supported a lesser immunization of the calves than in dairy cows (6.95 ± 2.09 versus 12.10 ± 6.68 Vernes degrees, respectively) supporting the more stressful effect of the primary vaccination than of the booster one. Nevertheless, the antibody clearance was enhanced in the younger animals (5.4 ± 0.25 versus 1.0 ± 0.1 ODU, respectively). Repeated stimulation is the substrate for an enhanced adaptive response to vaccination in cattle.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 1
Written by Florina MARIAN, Gheorghița DUCA, Carmen Dana ȘANDRU, Diana OLAH, Constantin CERBU, Marina SPÎNU, Emoke PALL, Aurel VASIU

Infectious pododermatitis is a common condition in sheep with initial lameness, with a variation in severeness over time. Independently on aetiology, the administration of antibiotics has proven to be ineffective, the disease often being exacerbated in a short time, the bacteria being refractory to antimicrobials. The use of antibiotics is common in sheep for disease treatment, health protection and as growth promoters. The main antibiotics used in farmed animals are tetracyclines, penicillin, quinolones and cephalosporins. According to the latest studies, E. coli, an ubiquitous bacterium often isolated from pododermatitis lesions, is unresponsive to all these antibiotics. Studies on the antibiotic resistance of the main pathogens of necrobacillary pododermatitis, Dichelobacter nodosus and Fusobacterium necrophorum, are not found in the literature, but the ineffectiveness of antibiotics on these bacteria directs towards a possible antibiotic resistance. Currently, multiple health organisations have identified proliferation of antimicrobial resistance as a global crisis. The decline in bacterial susceptibility to common antibiotics calls for global efforts on the rational use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine as a response to the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 1
Written by Alina ZĂVOI, Ciprian OBER, Liviu Ioan OANA

Ten dogs of different breeds, small size, were evaluated postoperatively, after cranial cruciate ligament rupture repair by the extracapsular method. The evolution of the lameness score and the degree of muscle atrophy were estimated at one month and three months postoperatively through discussions with the owners and/or physical evaluations. There were no pre- or postoperative complications in dogs that were involved in the study. At three months postoperatively, both the lameness score and the degree of atrophy underwent changes compared to the preoperative stage or one month postoperatively. Although the evolution of the patients was adequate, without intra and postoperative complications, the extracapsular method does not completely restore, at 3 months, the function of the affected limb.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 1
Written by Maria ROȘCA, Alexandra Mihaela CRISTIAN, Liliana HUȘTEA (DECEI), Valerica PREDA (CONSTANTINESCU), Ramiro SIMION, Mario CODREANU

Anemia is a common and potentially fatal complication of chronic kidney failure caused by polycystic kidney disease, leading to faster disease progression and increased mortality. Anemia is due to the loss of erythropoietin-producing cells in the kidneys or due to an inflammatory condition resulting in iron sequestration, bleeding from the gastrointestinal mucosa, reduced red blood cell survival due to uremia or consequent adverse drug effects and poor nutritional status. The present investigative study was conducted on a number of 7 cats, of Persian, British Shorthair, and European breeds, with different sexes and ages. In this study, hematological paraclinical investigations were performed in 7 cats, in order to detect a normochromic anemia, the resulting data being grouped in normal results in parameters in one patient, results with minor deficits in 4 cats and severe results in 2 individuals.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 1
Written by Elena NEGRU, Anca BULGARU, Horia DINU, Dragoş LUPU, Mihai DANEŞ, Maria-Rodica GURAU, Doina DANEŞ

Clostridium chauvoei is the etiological agent of blackleg, a severe disease of cattle and small ruminants, characterized by necro-hemorrhagic myositis and a superacute evolution. The superacute evolution of the disease does not allow antibiotic therapy to be effective; therefore vaccination remains the main prophylactic measure. The aim of the present study was characterize a C. chauvoei isolate, with the purpose of producing a vaccine against blackleg for small ruminants. The bacterial strain, isolated from a case of blackleg, was identified based on morphological, cultural, biochemical characteristics and PCR. The alpha toxin of the 12 hour anaerobically cultured strain provided a hemolytic titer of 1/1024, and the biological value assessed in vivo on Balb/C mice, calculated as lethal dose 50%, of 16 LD50. The inactivated whole-cell culture absorbed onto aluminum hydroxide was successful in protecting 100% of vaccinated guinea pigs, against death and clinical disease, in the challenge test. The results of the experiments recommend the isolated strain as a candidate for blackleg vaccine production.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 1
Written by Valerica PREDA (CONSTANTINESCU), Maria ROȘCA Iuliana CODREANU, Alexandra Mihaela CRISTIAN, Mario CODREANU

Prostatic cysts are fluid-filled structures located adjacent to the prostate gland. Clinical expression is often asymptomatic, rarely tenesmus, lethargy, anorexia, and hematuria occur.Paraprostatic cysts are more common in uncastrated dogs over 8 years of age, without a predisposition to breed. These fluid-filled cysts are often localized or extend from the outer edges of the prostate.The research took place between 2017-2020 on 23 dogs of different breed and age, within the Clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bucharest and within the private veterinary practices. The diagnosis of paraprostatic cysts was established in 7 dogs age 1-5 years (n = 1), 5-10 years (n = 2), 10-15 years (n = 4), of different breeds.The reason for the presentation at the clinic was the observation by the owners of the tendency to constipation (n = 5), dysuria (n = 2) and a urination with blood (n = 3). Ultrasound identification of cystic formations with paraprostatic localization highlighted the existence of cystic formations with dimensions of 20 mm (n = 4), 70 mm (n = 2) and 3.8 cm (n = 1). In the mass of the prostate glandular parenchyma, cystic dilatations were identified, with an anechoic content with rare corpuscular elements in suspension (n = 3) and cellularity (n = 4), accompanied by ultrasound specific artifact distal enhancenment. Intraprostatic cysts were found in 16 dogs age 1-5 years (n = 3), 5-10 years (n = 5), 11-15 (n = 5) and 16-20 years (n = 3), common breed (n = 6), German Shepherd (n = 3), pointer (n = 1), English Bulldog (n = 1) Dachshund (n = 1), Afghan Greyhound (n = 1) and West Highland White Terrier (n = 3). The reason for presenting to the doctor was dysuria (n = 5) and hematuria (n = 7), or routine ultrasound examination. Ultrasonography detected single, multiple or scattered cystic formations of round / ovoid type with a fine echogenic wall clearly delimited by the rest of the parenchyma of infracentimetric dimensions (n = 12) centimeters in 4 dogs, with clearly homogeneous and anechoic content, accompanied by the distal enhancement.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 1
Written by Raluca Mihaela TURBATU, Cristina FERNOAGĂ, Alexandru Gabriel NEAGU, Niculae TUDOR, Constantin VLĂGIOIU

Intracranial masses are a large group of malign and benign structures, that can affect any system of the body, including the nervous system. Since the incidence of this pathology is influenced by several factors, this paper aims to present the epidemiological data collected from 58 cases - 41 dogs (70.68%) and 17 cats (29.31%) diagnosed in the Clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Bucharest between 2018 and 2020. The reviewed factors included signalment data like species, breed, age, and sex. Also, for each case, clinical and neurological deficits were analysed and the results were used to localize the lesion within the nervous system and to establish the differential diagnoses according to “VITAMIND” acronym. The confirmation and the anatomical site of the mass were recorded based on the imagistic features obtained on MRI. This study is limited only to a provisional diagnosis, as the animals included in the database were not subjected to a post-mortem examination.

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