Scientific Works Series C. Veterinary Medicine

PRINT ISSN 2065-1295, ISSN-L: 2065-1295, ISSN CD: 2343-9394,ISSN ONLINE 2067-3663
 

Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 1
Written by Elena BONEA, Cornel IGNA

Cataracts are not typically brought to the attention of a veterinarian until owners report their dogs bumping into different kind of things, because when a cataract is fully developed, mature, it leaves the eye functionally blind. The patient of this study is a male old dog, 15 years old, completely blind, with mature bilateral cataract. The quality of his life had a very low score, the dog injured himself with the objects around, his behaviour changed and became retired, sleeping most of the time and became aggressive with owner and dogs around. Because the only effective and recommended treatment is surgery, for economical owner’s reason, for the right eye of the dog we chose the manual extracapsular cataract extraction surgical procedure. Short follow-up surgery, dog became visual animal, but irreversible complications occurred, so, after 3 months’ time, for the left eye of the dog we proceed with the phacoemulsification method of cataract extraction with the implantation of an intraocular artificial lens. Both eyes surgical methods had good post operatory results, but long-term for the second method results were superior.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 1
Written by Emoke PALL, Diana OLAH, Adela CHIRA, Gheorghiță DUCA, Marina SPÎNU, Carmen Dana ȘANDRU, Mihai CENARIU, Emilia UNGUREANU, Aurel VASIU

Abortion is one of the economically important pathological implications of salmonellosis in sheep. Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype abortusovis is the sheep-specific abortive serotype. Regional endemic Salmonella abortions also lead to calving of dead offspring and reduced viability, diseases in lambs from infected dams. The present study focused on the description of two outbreaks of S. abortusovis infection, with special reference to the epidemiological situation in Northwestern Romania, in the winter of 2020-2021. Two herds in which the morbidity rate (abortion) in the last period of gestation was between 13.92% - 16.66% were studied. Fetal parenchymal organs and gastric contents were harvested and processed using classical microbiological methods. Bacterial strains were confirmed by biochemical and serological methods and were identified as Salmonella abortusovis serogroup B, serotype BO. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using agar diffusion method. Multidrug resistance was found in six of these strains; all were resistant to sulfatrimethoprim and doxycycline, one to erythromycin and one to ciprofloxacin. In order to avoid economic damage in regions known to have enzootic potential, immunoprophylaxis in dams is strongly recommended.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 1
Written by Cristiana GENES, Vasile GENES, Alexandru Cătălin GENES, Nicolae DOJANĂ

The purpose of this paper was to determine the evolution of the blood biochemical profile in 63-week-old Hy-Line var. Brown hens, in natural moulting conditions. A control group that showed no signs of moulting and a spontaneously moulted hen group were monitored for eight weeks. The analysed blood biochemical parameters were: glucose, total protein, uric acid, cholesterol, calcium and phosphate concentrations, and Ca/P ratio. All analysed parameters recorded different levels in the moulting period, compared to those in the period before this physiological process. The hens in the moulting group showed significant (P<0.01) variations in serum glucose compared to those in the control group where these variations did not differ significantly. Glucose raised by 19%, uric acid decreased by 2.9% and total serum proteins also decreased by 23.89% compared to the control group. Cholesterol of the moulting group reached its highest values raising with 100% and Ca/P ratio had a decreasing with 5.1% compared to the control group. Thus, it can be stated that the determination of the biochemical profile is useful in the evaluation of the physiological status of moulting hens.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 1
Written by Cristin COMAN, Diana ANCUȚA, Teodoru SOARE

Toxicity tests are mandatory preclinical regulatory studies for the authorization of a medicinal product. The testing protocol include a complete analysis of the possible toxic action of the tested product. The most complex and defining analysis is post-mortem histological analysis. Depending on the place of action of the tested product and to avoid the interference of euthanasia methods with the results of analyzes, different euthanasia methods may be chosen. In a study of toxicity in rats for a substance with action on the nervous system, two methods of euthanasia were chosen, namely anesthetic overdose and euthanasia by decapitation with deep sedation of animals. Histological evaluation of the main organs revealed congestion in the analyzed organs regardless of the euthanasia method used in most animals. Diffuse hemorrhage, perivascular edema and pulmonary edema have also been observed. Lesions were identified in both test and control groups, male and female. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between the two methods, euthanasia by overdose of anesthetic producing more lesions than decapitation, the latter being considered more appropriate for this type of study.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 1
Written by Raluca-Elena TIU, Raluca Ioana RIZAC, Raluca Mihaela TURBATU, Adina Mihaela PÎRVU, Manuella MILITARU, Emilia CIOBOTARU-PÎRVU

The mechanisms of blood coagulation in cases of agonal death are rarely studied in veterinary and human medicine. Agonal thrombi are considered as being formed antemortem. Nevertheless, those are misdiagnosed as cruors because of some gross common features. This preliminary study aims to highlight histopathological differences between agonal thrombi and post-mortem clots. Thirteen cases were included: ten domestic carnivores and three chickens. Agonal death diagnosis was established based on the clinical history and followed by standard necropsy and histopathological special staining techniques (Mallory and Masson Trichrome Stain) to highlight the fibrin deposition and pattern. Histological findings of intraventricular and intra-atrial agonal thrombi were similar in all cases and consist of: presence of Zahn’s lines, layered display of fibrin deposition, intact or altered erythrocytes and mononuclear infiltration. One case displayed similar features in subepicardial veins. Histopathological examination of clots did not reveal the presence of fibrin deposition, nor Zahn’s lines. Considering that in all cases of agonal thrombi the histopathological findings were different from the clots, the agonal thrombus can be associated with agonal death, ruling out the sudden death.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 1
Written by Corina PREDESCU, Georgeta ȘTEFAN, Camelia PAPUC

The present study aimed to report the effect of black mulberry – BM (Morus nigra), black chokeberry – BC (Aronia melanocarpa), and blackberry – BB (Rubus fruticosus) fruits on some functional and physicochemical parameters and sensorial properties of yoghurt during refrigeration, compared to untreated yoghurt. Yoghurt was prepared from cow milk, provided from a farm near Bucharest. The fruits used for the experiment were bought from a local market. Fruit puree was added at 0% and 5% (w/v). Yoghurt samples were collected after 1, 5, 10, and 15 days of refrigeration for analysis of several parameters [total phenol content (TPC), total anthocyanins content, antioxidant activity (AA), TBARS value, protein carbonyl, pH, titratable acidity, water holding activity, syneresis, and sensory evaluation]. The highest TPC was found in samples treated with BC, and the highest AA was in the samples treated with BC also. For all samples treated with berries puree, protein carbonyl, and TBARS values were lower than untreated samples. The sensory evaluation results revealed no statistical differences (p>0.05) between the acceptability of the three types of yoghurts. The addition of black mulberry (Morus nigra), black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa), and blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) puree fruits in yoghurt enhanced the lipid oxidative stability, decreased syneresis, and modified its sensorial properties in the acceptability limits.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 1
Written by Cristina Ioana LAZĂR, Gheorghița DUCA, Carmen Dana ȘANDRU, Diana OLAH, Marina SPÎNU, Emoke PALL, Constantin CERBU, Adrian POTARNICHE, Aurel VASIU

The commensal/opportunistic bacteriome in various animal species includes potentially pathogenic S. aureus. Wide-spread in humans, on the skin or mucosae, it induces a highly variable pathology, depending on its toxins and virulence, on the host and also on the environment. Much less is known about other staphylococci and their involvement in swine pathology. This research envisaged the incidence of Staphylococcus spp., in samples collected from extensively raised clinically healthy pigs, of the same age, during the period 2019-2020. The samples (n=49) were provided from farms of different sizes and in different years. Cotton swabs were used to sample secretions from anterior nares of individual pigs, and from the skin behind the ears of the animals. Classical microbiology methods were used to isolate Staphylococcus spp. and the isolates were identified using biochemical tests (API Staph, BioMerieux). Forty species of Staphylococcus were identified: Staphylococcus xylosus (47,5%), Staphylococcus lentus (30%), and Staphylococcus sciuri (22,5%). These bacterias seemed often present as a commensal animal-associated bacteria, but în some cases they could become pathologic în some diseases like bovine mastitis, and exudative epidermitis.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 1
Written by Aurel Vasiu, Diana OLAH, Cătălina CORNEA, Gheorghiță DUCA, Marina SPÎNU, Monica Ioana SUĂTEAN, Emoke PALL

Antibiotic resistance is a growing phenomenon which involves a pronounced zoonotic risk. Healthy dogs can acquire antibiotic-resistant bacteria in their living environment, but also on occasional clinical examinations at the veterinary clinic where they are presented for consultation. In order to follow the way in which the microbiome transfer can be performed in a veterinary clinic to regular patients, saliva samples (n = 8) were collected from healthy dogs presented at a veterinary clinic in Cluj-Napoca. The bacterial population was also tested for resistance to antibiotics. The dogs were regular patients of the veterinary clinic, originating from different districts of Cluj-Napoca. Thus, the intersection between patients is performed only in the veterinary clinic. Samples were also collected from various surfaces in the consulting and waiting rooms. The samples were processed using classical microbiological methods and identified by rapid biochemical assays. The susceptibility to certain antibiotics was evaluated using agar diffusion method. In this study, bacteria of the same species were isolated from patients with different habitats, supporting the possible interchangeability of the microflora, probably in the case of repeated visits to the same office. The presence of a large number of strains involved in the oral microbiome associated with increased resistance to antimicrobials calls for the implementation of enhanced biosecurity measures.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 1
Written by Sergiu Dan ZĂBLĂU, Diana Ioana OLAH, Emöke PÁLL, Florina MARIAN, Emilia UNGUREANU, Aurel VASIU, Marina SPÎNU

Caves frequently visited by animals or humans present reservoirs of pathogenic or conditioned pathogenic microorganisms. In recent years, numerous bacteria, fungi and viruses have been isolated and identified from caves as pathogens for humans and animals. Furthermore, through humans and/or animals, new types of germs can be carried into the normal microflora of caves, disturbing the microbial balance, making these locations sources of pathogenic germs with zoonotic potential. The most common diseases caused by microorganisms in caves are diseases located in the respiratory system. Visits to any underground environment should no longer be seen as a simple, risk-free tourist activity, but rather as one with potential risks to human and animal health. Numerous studies have been conducted worldwide on the diversity and abundance of pathogens in caves. In order to reduce the number of diseases associated with caves, it is necessary to raise awareness and educate about the possible dangers to people or animals that come in direct contact with such environments.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 1
Written by Anca BULGARU, Elena NEGRU, Horia DINU, Dragoş LUPU, Mihai DANEŞ, Doina DANEŞ

The present study is a report of a strangles outbreak in a horse breeding farm. The clinical signs began to appear in the first week of July, and included coughing, purulent nasal discharge, lymph node abscesses and fever. Bacteriological tests confirmed Streptococcus equi ssp. equi infection. The horses were treated with Penicillin 12 mg/kg, from the onset of the clinical signs: 38 of the 42 affected horses showed improved clinical status after 5-10 days of therapy. The other 4 foals were diagnosed Rhodococcus equi induced pneumonia, and they were placed under rifampicin (7.5 mg/kg) and claritromicin (7.5 mg/kg) treatment. Of the 38 horses treated successfully with penicillin, 6 horses aged 3 to 6 months, were later dignosed with Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus induced pneumonia, and were also treated with rifampicin and clarithromicin. By the end of September, none of the horses present on the farm showed any more signs of respiratory infections. Daily monitoring of the herd, active bacteriological surveillance and early onset of antibiotic therapy were key factors in avoiding severe complications of strangles and limiting mortality.

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