Scientific Works Series C. Veterinary Medicine

PRINT ISSN 2065-1295, ISSN-L: 2065-1295, ISSN CD: 2343-9394,ISSN ONLINE 2067-3663
 

Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXX, Issue 1
Written by Alice-Mihaela RĂDULESCU, Elena-Teodora VULCAN, Lucian IONIŢĂ

A one-year-old Scottish fold male cat was referred to the Cardiology department, presenting signs of congestive heart failure one week after anesthesia. Echocardiography revealed an enlarged left atrium with the left ventricular wall thickening and confluent "B lines". Cardiac biomarker troponin I was markedly elevated. The cat was discharged home after an intensive hospitalization treatment that led to progressive clinical improvement. It was reevaluated after two months, and a physical examination, echocardiographic measurements, and cardiac troponin were normalized. The diagnosis of transient myocardial thickening was considered based on the presence of a trigger possibly related to myocardial injury and the patient's history, cardiological, and laboratory data. This condition is relatively uncommon and closely resembles hypertrophic cardiomyopathy but involves reversions of the cardiac modifications. It usually appears in young cats with previous events. Transient myocardial thickening has a better prognosis in cats in contrast with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This case report describes a case of transient myocardial thickness with congestive heart failure, which returns to a case of normal cardiac features.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXX, Issue 1
Written by Cătălin MICȘA, Maria Roxana TURCU, Dorin ŢOGOE

In recent years, laparoscopic surgery has gained from numerous technological advancements, that have improved results and decreased surgical complications. The availability of a wide variety of equipment and instruments enables the performance of surgical procedures, avoiding the need for extensive incisions that are common in the field. Laparoscopic surgery is an expanding domain of knowledge within the veterinary profession, with patients being the primary beneficiaries. Laparoscopic and laparoscopic-assisted procedures are well established in veterinary surgery, with novel minimally invasive approaches and procedures described regularly in the peer-reviewed literature. It is expected that as this field progresses, the benefits associated with accessibility, visualisation, and magnification will continue to demonstrate the superiority of laparoscopic and laparoscopic-assisted procedures over conventional open surgery for specific procedures. This article describes the essential instruments required to perform laparoscopic surgical procedures and examines several laparoscopic procedures that have been implemented in the field of veterinary medicine.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXX, Issue 1
Written by Cristian Ionuț FLOREA, Crina Alexandra BOANCĂ, Andrei RĂDULESCU, Alina ȘTEFĂNESCU, Alexandru Bogdan VIȚĂLARU

A 5 years old Shar Pei female, diagnosed with acute kidney injury was referred for hemodialysis therapy. The dog was presented with lethargy, lack of appetite, severe weight loss, dehydration (7-10%) and pale mucous membranes. To prevent exacerbation of preexisting comorbidities, in order to sedate a renal patient, a safe anesthesia protocol requires understanding the kidney disease pathology and hemodialysis therapy implications. A central venous catheter (CVC) was placed under a light sedation with additional oxygen therapy. Sedation was induced intravenously with alfaxalone (Alfaxan® multidose), on a peripheral catheter. The dose was titrated until full relaxation of the patient was observed. During the procedure, there were no major hemodynamics changes in the patient. Alfaxalone is a short-acting and rapid duration anesthetic with minimal or no cardiovascular consequences. When given titrated to effect, it represents the best choice for short sedation in central venous catheterization for acute renal patients undergoing hemodialysis.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXX, Issue 1
Written by Adela Ioana MUSTĂȚEA, Sorina Andreea MIHAI, Petronela Mihaela ROȘU, Manuella MILITARU, Emilia CIOBOTARU-PÎRVU

Veterinarian-client communication has been the subject of many surveys, and guides were developed. This study assesses the communication patterns between veterinarians and pet owners in Romania. The study used an original questionnaire based on The Calgary-Cambridge Guide adapted for veterinary medicine. Following the analysis, it was concluded that, in most cases, the communication process was efficient. More than 90% of the owners felt encouraged to participate in the dialogue and appreciated that the veterinarian used an accessible language. The communication process included feedback, as 80.1% of the vets verified the owner’s understanding. As negative aspects that influence the therapeutic relationship, we mention the fact that 21.6% of owners were not asked if they accepted the final plan, 38.6% were not informed about the costs during the consultation, and 57.3% did not receive a copy of the medical file at the end of the consultation. Communication, in most of the consultations, follows a biolifestyle-social pattern. However, the existence of the negative aspects that fall within a biomedical, authoritarian pattern supports the continuous need for communication education.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXX, Issue 1
Written by Emanuela BADEA, Gheorghe Valentin GORAN, Cristina ȚOCA, Miruna Cârlan

The link between heavy metals and gastrointestinal lymphoma in cats is an area of growing concern among researchers and veterinarians. The present study assessed the concentrations of some heavy metals and trace elements in cats with gastrointestinal lymphoma, by hair sample analysis, and compared them with the elements’ concentrations in clinically healthy cats. Hair samples were collected from clinically healthy cats (n = 10) and cats suffering from gastrointestinal lymphoma (n = 10). The samples underwent wet mineralization (with HNO3 and HCl), with heavy metals and trace elements being evaluated by ICP-MS analysis. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. Heavy metals and trace elements were generally higher in cats with GI lymphoma. The median concentrations of Cr, As, and Se in cats with GI lymphoma were significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to clinically healthy cats. Although this research found significantly higher concentrations of Cr in cats with gastrointestinal lymphoma, available studies present either no or weak evidence indicating that Cr can lead to GI lymphoma. Further research is needed to better understand the causes of this type of neoplasm in cats.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXX, Issue 1
Written by Mădălina CIOARIC (DEGENARO), Ivona ZĂBAVĂ, Tudor Andrei KACENCO, Liliana STOICA, Cosmin ȘONEA, Nicolae DOJANĂ

40-week-old Lohman Brown layers were used in this study. Three diets with different levels of crude protein allowed the consumption of 15.38, 13.58 and 11.78 g/d/cap., respectively. The experimental feeding lasted four weeks. Laboratory determinations were performed at the end of the experimental period. Triglycerides, total cholesterol, GOT, GPT and γ-GT transaminases, HDL-cholesterol, protein, albumin, γ-globulins and uric acid were determined in the blood serum. Nitrogen intake, nitrogen excretion in manure, nitrogen retention in the body and in the egg were also determined. Thus, following four weeks of experimental feeding, serum transaminases and HDL-cholesterol remained within normal limits. Triclycerides and uric acid presented an increase of their serum values. As a consequence of the decrease in daily nitrogen intake, nitrogen excretion and nitrogen retention as total in the body decreased while nitrogen excretion as total in the egg remained unmodified.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXX, Issue 1
Written by Vlad Traian LUPU, Niculae TUDOR, Constantin VLĂGIOIU

Gallbladder mucocele is a common extrahepatic biliary disease in dogs, often associated with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the results of ultrasonographic examination in a series of cases with mucoceles of the gallbladder in dogs. The study included 18 small breed dogs, 7 males and 11 females, aged between 7 and 18 years (mean age = 11.67 years). Eleven of the 18 dogs (61.11%) were symptomatic and 7 dogs (38.89%) were asymptomatic.Ultrasonographic examination revealed an oversized gallbladder, showing an echogenic immobile content with a different appearance. Based on the ultrasonographic images the following prevalence was found: type I - 2 cases, type II - 4 cases, type II - 3 cases, type IV - 5 cases, type V - 4 cases. Type VI has not been identified. Also, gallbladder wall rupture was not observed in any of the cases examined. In conclusion, ultrasonography is the standard imaging method for the diagnosis of gallbladder mucoceles in dogs, revealing the presence of an enlarged gallbladder with an immobile bile pattern and variable appearance.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXX, Issue 1
Written by Ionuț Răzvan DOBRE, Marian GHIȚĂ, Andrei MARMANDIU

An important share in canine digestive pathology is represented by gastrointestinal ulcers of various causes. Between them, gastritis, ulcers, hypergastrinemic syndromes and last but not least the prevention and combating of the unwanted effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory therapy, can occur in carnivores when the protective factors are disturbed or compromised. In such situations, administration of proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor antagonists or local antacids is routine and of undeniable utility. Our study was carried out on 12 clinical cases that presented to the veterinary clinic, dogs of different breeds and ages, both female and male, in which the therapeutic efficiency was monitored after the administration of drugs to combat acidity. After performing the treatment, healing occurred in 91.66% of cases, failure registering 8.33% of the total. A correct and complete clinical approach, with carefully chosen and regularly administered drugs, increases therapeutic efficacy in multicausal canine ulcer pathology.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXX, Issue 1
Written by Cristin COMAN, Diana-Larisa ANCUȚA, Fabiola-Margareta IONIȚĂ, Ioana Violeta CARACOTI, Costin CARACOTI, Andrei Alexandru MUNTEAN, Mircea Ioan POPA

The genus Borrelia is represented by spirochetes that, once entered the human or animal body, can migrate to different organs, including the central nervous system. The aim of the study was to develop a murine neuroborreliosis model by inoculating a strain of Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb). 2 studies were conducted using BALB/c and CD1 mice strains, female, 8 weeks old, 22 grams at baseline. The selected animals were inoculated with Bb (106 spirochetes/mL), depending on the protocol, intradermally (100μL/animal) or intracerebrally (10μL/animal). For the evaluation of the neuroborreliosis development, endpoints were established at 1, 3, 6, 8 and 13 weeks post-infection, when samples of dura mater, brain, ear, heart, knee joint and bladder were collected, and maintained in culture medium specific for the growth of Borrelia. Recovery of Bb was possible from samples harvested 7 days post-infection from animals inoculated both intradermally and intracerebrally. Through the experiments we have developed a model of neuroborreliosis in two mice strains that can be useful for the study of the development of new therapeutic approaches.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXX, Issue 1
Written by Ralitsa RANKOVA, Gergana BALIEVA

Contaguous animal diseases that cause huge losses in livestock production and affect national economies are regulated at international level by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) through the Terrestrial Animal Health Code. The Code lays down the rules for the listed animal diseases that must be reported to the WOAH and among these important diseases is Brucellosis. This is a contagious bacterial disease caused by several representatives from the Brucella family which are infectious for specific animal species, including the most common livestock animals like cattle, sheep and goats and swine. Moreover, Brucellosis has a high zoonotic potential and could infect humans as well. In order to trace and analyse the distribution of Brucella spp. in Europe over the span of a twenty-years period (2002-2022), we derived data from the ADIS (Animal Disease Information System) managed by the European Commission which showed that five European counties were infected with variations in the prevalence of Brucellosis among the reporting member states. Regarding the identified species, it can be noted that the following were found: the predominant species is Brucella melitensis, followed by Brucella suis, and lastly, Brucella abortus. For the purpose of explainig the measures for disease management and control of Brucellosis we examined the main documents from the relevant secondary legislation of the EU. For the studied period, it can be noted that the most outbreaks of brucellosis were registered on the territory of Italy - 21 outbreaks (Brucella melitensis) from March 2014 in sheep to December 2022 in goats, but in the other years it was also found in sheep and goats. For the same period with Brucella abortus, there were 18 outbreaks from March 2015 in cattle to June 2022 in cattle, but in 2020, they were found in sheep and goats. Brucella suis was not registered.

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