Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXI
Written by Mircea NICOLAE, Smaranda POP, Cosmin ȘONEA

The study was done on 40 Holstein calves after weaning and followed the effects of lower protein level of rations on some breeding parameters. It was a pre-experimental period of 3 weeks, when all animals were fed by classic rations, reaching about 87 kg body weight. The experience was conducted in two periods of 12 and 10 weeks, respectively. In the first period, the animals were divided in two experimental groups (20 cap. each one), one fed a normal protein level in ration (NP) and the other with a low protein level in ration (LP). In the 2nd period, the animals were divided in 4 experimental groups: NP_NP (normal protein level in both periods of experience), NP_LP (normal protein level in the first period and low in the second), LP_NP (low protein level in the first period and normal in the second) and LP_LP (low protein levels in both experimental periods). Calves were fed ad libitum by a corn-silage-based compound diet. The latter had 20% CP (in DM) in NP diet or 10% CP in LP diet. The entire ration had 14.7% CP (in DM) in the normal situation and 9% CP if protein was restricted. In terms of reducing the level of protein, decreases feed intake, lowest in group LP_LP, 72.2 g DM/kg kg0.75 during the 2nd period. LP_NP group recorded, in the second part of the experience, the greatest increase in weight, 1329 g/day, as against (?) NP_NP group, 1131 g/day, and a difference between the two groups (which ones?) of 17.5%, which demonstrates the compensatory growth. The whole experience, considering the weight gain of NP_NP group (1118 g/day) a reference element (100%), NP_LP group achieved 71%, LP_NP achieved 72% and LP_LP group achieved only 34%. Regarding the specific consumption of protein in the whole experience, it was 563 g CP/kg gain in group NP_NP and 793 g CP/ kg gain in group LP_NP.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXII, Issue 2
Written by Magda GONCIAROV

The paper aims to present the main international organizations with responsibilities in food safety. Not incidentally, these organizations issue legal regulations in this area. Even if they are very popular, few know their responsibilities and competencies. The main international organization that develops food safety regulations, some of them have exclusive competences in the field of food safety, as European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) or the Codex Alimentarius Commission, and others have only a component of food safety, such as World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), United Nations for Food and Agriculture (FAO), World Health Organization (WHO) and World Trade Organization (WTO).

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXI
Written by Ioana CHIRILEAN

By injecting the coronary arteries in common breed dogs of various ages, we have underlined certain modifications concerning the path, the caliber and the structure of the cardiac vessels. In this paper we will refer exclusively to the anatomical aspects of these vessels. In young subjects, both the cardiac arterial trunks and their branches present in general well traced paths, without changes in the arterial walls. Compared to this situation, in aged animals, we have both anatomical modifications of vascular paths and of their lumen’s caliber, as well as the varicose aspect of their walls. These morphological aspects also imply alterations of the differentiated vascular perfusion of the myocardium, while facilitating clinical interpretation in canine cardiac pathology.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXII, Issue 2
Written by Inci DOGAN, Handan MERT, Kivanc IRAK, Nihat MERT

Fluorosis, a condition which usually affects the formation of bone and teeth in human and animals, is an important health problem in Van and Agri provinces. This study was performed to determine the levels and the changes of antioxidant compounds in fluorotic sheep. 30 fluorotic sheep and 20 healthy Morkaraman sheep of 3-4 years old were used as living research materials. The diagnosis of fluorosis was confirmed by clinical examinations. The urine fluoride level was determined. Blood of all animals was taken from vena jugularis by appropriate techniques and analyzed for glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), sialic acid (SA) and lipid-bound sialic acid (LSA). The levels of these parameters in healthy and fluorotic group were: 1028-416.8 mU /ml, 23.23-50.16 mg/ dl, 9.25- 7.88 mU/ ml, 1.62-0.56 nmol/ ml, 51.19-46.33 mg/ dl and 9.77- 12.16 mg/dl, respectively. Urine fluoride (F) levels were 1.65 ppm in healthy and 23.84 ppm in fluorotic sheep groups. Statistical differences was found between the average values of healthy and fluorotic groups as p≤ 0.0001 in GPx and GSH, p≤0.001 in MDA, p≤0.05 in SA, p≤0.01 in LSA and p≤0.001 in urine F levels. No statistical differences were found in SOD levels. (p≥0.05) The results obtained in this study indicate that important changes were found in antioxidant systems of fluorotic sheeps.

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Danube Delta is the second largest river delta in Europe, after Volga Delta, and the best preserved on the continent. Sacalin Island is a strictly protected area of the Danube Delta, declared biosphere reserve since 1938. The impact of human regarding the use of the same territories or interest in eating the same food resources disturbed bird’s habitats. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and ecology of passerine birds (Passeriformes) on the Sacalin Island in relation with anthropic changes. Data were obtained through the establishment of a permanent ringing station in Sacalin Island, with the support of the Romanian Ornithological Central and Nos Oiseaux Institute in Switzerland. As a working methodology, observations and bird ringing were made throughout the years 2007-2013, and distribution and ecology were analyzed. A total number of 6619 Passeriformes were collected, belonging of 13 familia. Among Passeriformes collected from Sacalin Island, Sylvidae familiae was the most divers with 14 species, followed by Muscicapidae with 8 species, Fingilidae (5 species), Turdidae (4 species), Paridae (3 species), Paradoxornithidae and Motacillidae (2 species) and Emberizidae, Oriolidae, Corvidae, Laniidae, Troglodytidae, and Hirundinidae with 1 species respectively. The predominant number of birds was found in Muscicapidae familiae (36.51%), followed by Sylviidae (29.65%), Turdidae (13.05%), Paridae (8.68% ), Laniidae (6.78%), Fringiliidae (2.07%), Troglodytidae (0.98%), Motacilidae (0.60%), Paradoxomithidae (0.51%), Oriolidae (0.50%), Emberizidae (0.40%), Corvidae (0.18%) and Hirundinidae (0.05%). In conclusion, our data suggest that the Sacalin Island is an area with a wide diversity of bird’s fauna, uncovering the ecology and distribution of birds could greatly improve the knowledge of bird’s dynamics and behavior.

Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXI
Written by Oana Alexandra CIOCAN, Mihai CARP CĂRARE, Andreea Paula COZMA, Cătălin CARP–CĂRARE, Cristina RÎMBU, Gabriela COMAN, Elena PETRARU, Carmen–Valentina PANZARU

The community of medical veterinarians and humans draw attention to the microorganisms with potential pathogens that are both common and multiresistant to the latest antibiotics. Bacteria common to both animals and people favor the cross transmission of these strains with a major public health risk. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a motile, nonfermenting Gram-negative bacterium, is an important opportunistic animal and human pathogen that causes acute and chronic infections in immunocompromised patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has acquired several mechanisms of resistance to multiple groups of antibiotic agents. The isolation and identification of Ps. aeruginosa producing ESBL and MBL may often be challenging to microbiology laboratories, the level of expression of β-lactamases and MBL can affect the performance of phenotypic tests, and the lack of synergy might be due to a very high level of expression overcoming the effect of the inhibitors resulting in falsenegative results. Ps. aeruginosa from different purulent collections has an atypical appearance, even a specific pigment that is not present for all the strains. These investigations are part of a larger research study, aimed at highlighting the strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa common resistance genes in humans and animals. In this study, 93 Ps. aeruginosa strains were collected from pediatric patients. In order to establish resistance, profiling samples were isolated and identified for the production of β- lactamase medium Brilliance ESBL AGAR (Oxoid) and for the production of MBL was tested Imipenem with EDTA.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXI
Written by Laeish JUNKEE, Marian A. TAULESCU

Canine urolithiasis is a common disorder of the urinary tract, characterized by stones located anywhere within the urinary tract, which is mostly encountered in middle-aged to older dogs. Urolithiasis is influenced by familial, congenital and pathophysiological factors including urinary pH, dehydration, urinary infection, anatomical abnormalities and drug administration. A 3 weeks old mixed German Shepherd male puppy with no antecedent clinical signs (sudden death) was submitted to the Pathology Department for necropsy. The animal was suspected of bronchopneumonia ab ingestis due to milk aspiration. Necropsy, cytological and histological exams were performed. Grossly, a large amount of urine was found within the peritoneal cavity (uroperitoneum) secondary to urinary bladder rupture, severe bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter, and urethral obstruction with numerous large white to gray calculi varying in size from 2-10mm were identified. The cytological exam showed several large, white to yellow spheroids with radial concentric laminations consistent with leucine crystals. Histologically, the renal tubules were diffusely dilated and contained pale eosinophilic hyaline casts, sloughed necrotic epithelial cells and lamellated concretions of amphophilic radiating structures. A diagnosis of urethral obstruction due to leucine urolithiasis was made, and it was associated with hydronephrosis, hydroureter and urinary bladder rupture. To the best of the authors’ knowledge this is the first report of leucine urolithiasis in a dog in Romania.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXI
Written by Andra ENACHE, Pip BOYDELL, Iuliana IONAŞCU, Alexandru ŞONEA

Various surgical techniques have been proposed for treating distichiasis in dogs. A technique involving eyelid splitting and double freeze-thaw cryotherapy with anterior lamellar recession was evaluated. A 3 year old, female, Staffordshire bull terrier was referred for bilateral distichiasis. There were bilateral multiple distichiasis of the upper lids, more severe on the right lid with double row of cilia and two cilia on the lower lid. Under general anaesthesia, the eyelid margin was split at the gray line and a cryoprobe was used to freeze the posterior lamella. A double freeze-thaw technique was applied in both eyes. Anterior lamellar recession was performed to prevent postoperative entropion with trichiasis. The anterior and posterior lamellas were sutured with a 6/0 Vicryl suture. Bilateral upper eyelid edema was noted postoperatively. A month follow-up revealed increased bilateral granulation and depigmentation and the recurrence of one follicle on the right upper lid. Five months postoperatively there was no recurrence in the left eye but three cilia were detected in the right upper lid. The follicles have regrown due to incomplete destruction of the roots. Lid margin split with cryotherapy is an effective method for treating distichiasis but might require several attempts and increase in the cryotherapy time.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Florin Gheorghe STAN

The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed and comparative presentation of macroscopic anatomy of the pancreas, its topography and connection elements among the experimental animal species including rats, guinea pigs, chinchillas and rabbits. Using gross dissection, the pancreas and its connection elements were studied on 10 specimens of each species presented. The triangular form of the pancreas is a common anatomical pattern in rats, guinea pigs and chinchilla with different degrees of development of the three portions. Located reroperitoneally and in relation to the duodenum, spleen and stomach, the three portions are referred as the duodenal, splenic and gastric portion or lobes with the same names. In rabbits, however, the right lobe of the pancreas has a diffuse appearance, being located largely in the mesoduoden compared to the left lobe which has a better defined shape being located in the deep wall of the greater omentum. The pancreas relations in the experimental models studied are with the right lobe of the liver, the portal vein, the right kidney, the caudal cava vein, the aorta and the emergence of the celiac and mesenteric arteries, the profound wall of the large omentum, the stomach and the transverse colon.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Florin Gheorghe STAN

In mammals the variations of the anatomy of the extrahepatic biliary tree have long been recognized. The aim of this study was the macromorphological description of the gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus).Using dissection techniques the gallbladder topography, anatomic particularities regarding the shape and the connecting elements were assessed. Also, the macroscopic appearance of extrahepatic biliary tract and its path was described. The round and well developed gallbladder, exceeds the ventral border of the liver being visible on both, the visceral and the diaphragmatic surfaces of the liver. The gallbladder was connected with the right medial lobe and with the quadrate lobe of the liver by two tiny ligaments. Proximal, the unique cystic duct shows an obvious constriction and a conspicuous swelling. On its path on the hepatoduodenal ligament, the cystic duct joined the left hepatic duct to form the common bile duct. The right hepatic duct drained the right territory of the liver and joined the common bile duct itself. The left territory of the liver and in some cases the quadrate lobe was drained by the left hepatic duct. Distally, the common bile duct shows a unique ampullary dilatation from which a small duct drains into the first segment of duodenum. The major duodenal papilla was located at 1.5 cm distal to the pylorus.

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