Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXI
Written by Zoriţa Maria COCORA, Ioan ŢIBRU

Vectors represent an important role in the transmission of Salmonella in pigs by introducing these microorganisms on farms, constituting source of contamination or receptors in the existing infections on farms. In order to emphasize the role of vectors in the transmission of Salmonella in pigs, in the present study was started by collecting and analyzing samples of faeces from pigs, and vectors (rats / mice, birds, insects) nearby. Out of 100 collected faecal samples from pigs, a total of 40% (40/100) of samples were positive Salmonella spp. Analyzing the 50 samples of stool collected from mice and rats, it was found a total of 30% (15/50) positive samples, from birds of the 50 samples collected 26% (13/50) samples were positive, and of the 30 insects analyzed, 20% (6/30) samples were positive for Salmonella spp. The most common serovars isolated by means of API 20 E, such as pigs and vectors were S. Typhimurim, and S. Choleraesuis, S. Derby was isolated only in pigs. Based on these results we can say that the vectors constitute an important role in the spread of Salmonella in pig farms, but the role of rodents seems to be more relevant to other vectors in the study (birds, insects). Therefore to reduce the risk of contamination of pigs with Salmonella spp. are necessary for the application of control measures on farms.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXII, Issue 2
Written by Iulian ILIE, Olivier GAUTHIER

Sarcomas comprise approximately one-third of canine intranasal tumors; however few veterinary studies have described survival times of dogs with histologic subtypes of sarcomas separately from other intranasal tumors. The particularity of the case is due to nature of nasal tumor – sarcoma - something unusual on nasal tumors and then something extraordinary at the age of occurrence of this tumor – dog of 5 years age. The surgical technique consisted of nasal cavities oral approach and cutting a bone fragment length located in bony floor of the nasal cavity left, which allowed wide access to the cavity.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXI
Written by Maria Rodica GURĂU, Stelian BARĂITĂREANU, Doina DANEȘ

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) is a goat viral disease caused by a lentivirus belonging to the Family Retroviridae, Subfamily Orthoretrovirinae, group VI. CAE virus (CAEV) and Maedi-Visna virus (MVV) are included in the group of small ruminant lentiviruses. The virus induce a persistent infection by incorporation of the CAEV genome into the DNA of host cell. The monocyte-macrophage cells are the main target of this virus. In clinical cases were described arthritis, mastitis, pneumonia, weight loss and encephalitis.A high percentage of CAEV-infected goats will not express the clinical signs of the disease. The majority of the animals remains asymptomatic but the virus is still present and the sheep and goats can transmit the virus through milk, colostrum and respiratory secretions. One of the confirmatory diagnosis methods of CAEV is the serological test, which is highly suitable in the term of cost. The aim of research was the investigation of CAEV-Ab presence by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in goats that showed symptoms associated with CAE to determine the prevalence of CAEV in farm. It were collected 78 serum samples from a goat farm with a total of 120 animals in south-eastern Romania. The symptoms associated with CAE were arthritis in young animals, mastitis and encephalitis in adults. The serum samples were tested with the IDEXX CAEV/MVV Total Ab Test according to the manufacturer's instructions. Thirty samples (38.46%) were ELISA-positive and forty-eight samples (61.54%) were negative. In group of positive goats 93.33% were female 2 years old and 6.67% were male 4 years old. In conclusion, a high prevalence of CAEV-infection in the farm (38.46%), proved by serological investigation (active surveillance by ELISA-Ab exams), have been associated with low clinical cases of CAE, and this supports the claim that the most CAEV infected animals remains asymptomatic.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXIV, Issue 2
Written by Adrian-Valentin POTÂRNICHE, Constantin CERBU, Diana OLAH, Monica SUĂTEAN, Catrinel PEREDI, Silvian GURANDA, Marina SPÎNU

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) is an economically important viral disease of goats, caused by a single-stranded RNA lentivirus belonging to the Retroviridae family, Orthoretrovirinae subfamily. CAE virus (CAEV) infection is widespread among dairy goats in most industrialized countries. Clinical disease in goats includes encephalitis in kids, chronic arthritis, inflammatory mastitis and progressive respiratory disease in adults. Transmission of CAEV occurs generally via colostrum and milk consumption, but horizontal transmission also contributes to disease spread. Most goats infected remain virus positive for life, generally asymptomatic and can develop CAE months to years later. The aim of the study was to investigate the seroprevalence for CAEV infection in goat herds in 6 villages from Sibiu: Arpașu de Jos, Avrig, Cârțișoara, Laslea, Porumbacul de Jos, Șelimbăr. A number of 15,947 serum samples were collected over a 3 year period. All samples were analyzed using a commercial Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) test. The results have shown that the overall seroprevalence was higher 9.06% in the last year of the study than in previous two years 3.54% and 2.29%. The biggest difference was found in Laslea with 17 positive samples (1.63%) in the first year and 86 positive samples in the 3rd year (14.90%). The result of the study provides useful information on animal health and herd management factors. Proper prevention and control measures should be taken in order to prevent infection spreading and economic losses due to CAEV infection in the coming future.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. 19 ISSUE 4
Written by Anca Sofiana SURPAT, Corina PASCU, Janos DEGI, Diana BREZOVAN, Jelena SAVICI, Sorin MORARIU, Viorel HERMAN

To determinate postinfectious antibodies for porcine proliferative enteropathy were studied 24 blood samples from each 5 farms arranged in the west of Romania coming from different age pigs, using MegaScreen®FLUO LAWSONIA (Diagnostik Megacore) kit. All studied farms proved the present of Lawsonia intracellularis infection. Seroprevalence within herds fluctuated between 33 and 54%. Age depending, dynamics of seroprevalence knows an increase at 91-140 days category and a decrease at finishing-slaughtering period. Thus, it was obtained a seroprevalence average of 32,8% at 45-90 day category, increasing to 71,9% for 91-140 days category and reaching to 62,5% in the last period of swine exploitation.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXII, Issue 2
Written by Serkan YILDIRIM, Kivanc IRAK, Handan MERT, Inci DOGAN, Nihat MERT

White muscle disease (WMD), is an important disease also known as 'muscular dystrophy’ in the lamb and calf. White muscle disease is the result of degeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscles in lambs. Lambs mostly affected with the congenital form either born death or die a few day after birth. The disease is a manifestation of lack of selenium, vitamin E or both. Van and surrounding villiages were visited and lambs with WMD examined. The lambs with 3-10 days of age were used as research materials. Necropsy and gross examinations was performed to all lambs. The blood samples were analyzed for Vitamin E amount, Creatine kinase (CK), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities. The level of Vitamin E was decreased, but the other parameters significantly increased. In heart, chest and gluteal muscle lesions in lambs were found. Tissue samples were histopathologically examined. Muscular dystrophic calcification in necrotic areas as well as hyaline degeneration and Zenker necrosis were determined. In the calcified region mononuclear cell infiltration mainly macrophages, were observed. In conclusion in lamb with white muscle disease; the activities of enzymes related to muscle health were raised drastically. In gluteal, chest and especially in heart muscle the hyalin and Zenker degeneration were noted.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXI
Written by Jacqueline MOCANU, Andreea Bianca BOFAN, Cătălina Anca CUCOȘ

Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process of replacing devitalized and missing cellular structures and tissue layers after injury. Wound healing is achieved through four precisely and highly programmed phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. For a wound to heal successfully, all four phases must occur in the proper sequence and time frame. After an severe trauma to the extremities of the limbs the skin necrose detaches as flaps remaining in place a large denuded area exposed to infection.The reduced mobility of the skin in these areas cause difficulty in healing process to occur complicating traumatic sequelae and functional impotence. The vicious scars are unsightly and often painful due to connective tissue contractility The purpose in wounds reconstruction using skin grafts is to complement dermal with denuded skin tissue surface and initiate an uniform healing a result of which the affected limb to resume the functionality. In this paper we present modalities ok skin grafts by heterotopic grafting and autografting with cutaneous flap pedicled

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Quality of fresh semen is a crucial element for the succes of assisted reproduction techniques in all species. 57 ejaculates were collected manually from 25 dogs. Motility and concentration (CASA SpermVision®, Minitübe, Germany, morphology and acrosome status (Spermac® stain) were determined. Semen analysis showed a strong relationship between male’s weight and size (testes dimensions) and the volume of the sperm rich fraction, but did not identify a correlation between concentration and male’s size. Motility parameters, morphology and acrosome status for the ejaculates included in our study were within the accepted standard values. Age did not significantly influence the volume or the morphology of canine semen.

Dogs have frequently infections with coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci with different locations. A total of 49 samples consisting of pathological skin, auricular and genital secretions were bacteriologically examined using standard methodology. The isolates were tested by disk diffusion Kirby-Bauer method, on which were used biodiscs with 19 antibiotics from different groups. The staphylococci strains isolated from dogs included in Intermedius Group were susceptible to the antibiotics rarely or not used in the therapy of diseases in this species. The isolates were methicillin-resistant strains, thus emphasizing the movement of these strains in the canine population, confirming the zoonotic risk of these strains. After this study several resistant phenotypes of staphylococci strains included in Intermedius Group were identified, whose frequency was variable.

Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Lorella GIULIOTTI, Maria Novella BENVENUTI, Francesca PISSERI, Simona NARDONI, Andrea MARTINI, Francesca MANCIANTI

Gastrointestinal parasites compromise the welfare and health of ruminants on pasture, causing serious productive losses. The constant and preventive strategy of anthelmintic treatments results in several problems, such as parasite resistance and food and environment contamination. Sustainable approaches to tackle such problems primarily involve knowledge of the dynamics and impact of parasites in the flock. The aim of this study was to monitor the gastrointestinal parasite burden together with the body condition score (BCS) in a flock of a local Italian sheep breed. The two-year study involved an unchanged sample of 20 pluriparous ewes randomly selected in a farm located in the homonymous area. Chemical anthelmintic treatment had been administered three months before the beginning of the study, following a mean infestation level of 298±276.5 eggs per gram (EPG). Faecal samples were collected every two months to evaluate the faecal egg count (FEC) with a modified McMaster technique. Egg dynamics were statistically analysed and data were logarithmically transformed to normalize the variance. FEC results were grouped into four classes of infection for a statistical description. The BCS was measured on a five-point scale. Results showed a significant fluctuation in FEC (from 52 to 320 EPG), however no clear relationship with the season was found. Mean values were always under the threshold of health risk and only in one case did values exceed 300 EPG. The overall BCS was nearly 3, thus revealing no nutritional problems. The study highlighted that by monitoring gastrointestinal strongyles in a farm with good farming practices, chemical treatments can be limited to only those cases that are strictly necessary.

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