Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. 19 ISSUE 4
Written by Lucian Ionel ILIE, Constantin SAVU, Ovidiu SAVU, Elena NISTOR

The most important prerequisite that must respond to a food is the lack of harmfulness, toxic character, because otherwise it transforms from a product useful for the human body into a threat to consumer health and life, but also for food security at all levels. It the same time, the of producers desire to ensure safe food, tend to attract the ultraprocessing raw and auxiliary materials, with the direct consequence of reducing and sometimes loss of useful compounds in food that is safe, but unfortunately no longer meets the minimum quality assurance. The legislation requires manufacturers to implement a series of systems based on the principles of GMP, GHP and HACCP to anticipate and eliminate potential hazards associated with food safety and for quality and traceability, management systems such as ISO 9000 22000 or systems that will be described in this paper, in order to demonstrate their importance in ensuring population health.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. 19 ISSUE 4
Written by Ionut Razvan DOBRE

Ordinance no.2/2000 with the subsequent modifications and completations, defines and regulates the activity of extrajudicial expertise transposing the Directive 2005/36/CE of European Parliament and of the Concil of the European, regarding the recognition of professional qualification. This activity is performed by technical extrajudicial experts, who acquire this quality based on an exam organized by the ministries or other central institutions, by specialized areas, based on the regulation elaborated by these. The study was performed through the anlysis of the legal regulations in force concerning the technical extrajudicial expertise using grammatical, sistematyc, logical methods and analogy, in order to highlight the importance of this activity for specialists in food industry, veterinary medicine and not only. Specializations of technical expertise are provided by the nomenclature of technical judicial expertise specialization, approved through Ordinance 199/C/2010 of the minister of justice. According to him, were added to the specializations provided in the applicattion of technical judicial experts from 2009, specializations provided by the nomenclature of the universitary education specialisations, specializations provided in framework regulatory laws of some activities or professinos. Also were established specializations taken from the practice of extrajudicial expertise and also specializations required by the court or other organs with jurisdictional attributions. Besides the fact that unify the legislation in the field, the current regulation separate the extrajudicial expertise by the judicial one establishing the situations when the extrajudicial expert may contribute to the implementation of the law.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXIII, Issue 1
Written by Zamfir MARCHIȘ, Antonia ODAGIU, Aurelia COROIAN, Ioan OROIAN, Camelia RĂDUCU

Our trial was conducted with the aim of emphasizing the influence of environmental factors acting as potential stressors upon donkey milk nutritional traits, within specific climatic conditions of North-West Romania. Milk from fifty jennies from four private farms, in different stages of lactation, from first up to the fifth, weekly collected during a three months period, February-April 2016, was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated. In experimental areal, temperature, humidity, and wind velocity, were daily recorded. The average temperature of the experimental period (4.95°C±0.19°C) is with 0.8°C bigger compared to the average temperature of the experimental areal in 2010, suggesting the increase of the heat stress upon donkey milk production traits. Donkey milk content in lactose and fat, together with milk pH, increase from first to fifth lactation, while water and protein content decrease. We may consider the lack of correlations between donkey milk pH and fat content, and also between fat and lactose. Positive significant moderate correlations are identified between donkey milk lactose and protein, and also between lactose, protein, and donkey milk pH. Between fat and donkey milk water content, negative significant moderate correlation is identified. Temperature, humidity, and wind velocity have strong influence upon donkey milk fat, protein and water content, and moderate on donkey milk pH, and lactose. This study emphasizes the necessity of adopting suitable managerial practices in donkey rearing facilities, where the farmer is interested in valuating donkey milk. This assertion is based on the increasing of the temperature in the experimental areal, compared to the same period of the previous years, taking into account the negative influence of the heat stress on donkey milk quality.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXI
Written by Iulia CRÎNGANU, Raluca NEGREANU, Dan CRÎNGANU

Cahexia and immunosuppression in cancer are the most common and complex paraneoplastic syndromes caused by tumor development based on the resources of the cancerous body. It is characterized by a progressive loss in weight due to disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, lipid and hydro protidic disorders associated with endocrine manifestations, especially hematological and blood chemistry or dysproteinemia, severe hypoalbuminemia, hypoglycemia, anemia, lymphopenia and a decreased immune function even when given adequate nutrition. Cahexia of the cancerous organism causes a reduced quality of life, a poor response to treatment and reduced survival. Cancer cells use carbohydrates like blood glucose and tissue glycogen to power their metabolism draining the body of amino acids, due to the "nitrogen hunger". But cancer can not use lipids for energy metabolism, thus diets with a high fat content may slow tumor growth. Nonspecific immunotherapy (immunomodulators) associated with antioxidant nutrients such as vitamins, microelement minerals and some inhibitors of proteases found in various nutritional supplements have significant effects in the prevention, control of the disease and increase the efficiency of anticancer treatment. Dogs and cats with cancer can register the same decline in immune function as humans and therefore can benefit from adaptogens used in human oncology medicine.

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The positive effect of a good human-animal relationship was demonstrated on the production, health, behavior and mental state of farm animals, especially when positive interactions take place in the early stages of life. The on-farm management system in dairy farms can potentially have influence on the relation between people and calves, given the different schedule of the daily procedures. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the human-animal relationship in dairy calves in farms with tie-stalls and loose housing based on the results of avoidance testing. A number of 146 dairy calves (in three different age categories) were assessed in five farms during the cold season. A standardized technique of human avoidance test was used, awarding scores depending on the individual avoidance distance of the observer by the calves. The results were statistically processed with the SPSS software. The youngest calves (up to two months old) had the highest scores within the standardized avoidance test, meaning less avoidance toward the observer. When the tie-stall farms were compared with the loose farms, no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) was found regarding the human-related behavior of the calves. The assessment of the calves’ behavioral response toward humans using the avoidance testing showed that in this study the human-animal relationship was not influenced by the housing system, most probably because the management of the calves was similar in all the five farms.

Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Anca ŞEICARU

The highlighting of the muscular lymph nodes in the pelvine limb was done by injecting the coloured substance intradermically. The coloured substance used was China Ink 40%, and the dose innoculated in the plantar pad was of approximately 0.1 ml. The injected solution locally formed an intradermic button. Injection purposes was to obtain a contrast between lymph nodes and lymph vessels (which retain or contain the coloured substance) compared with adjacent regions. After the animals were sacrificed, they were dissected by conventional methods . It was harvested the subiliac lymph node from the flank region, in order to identify their histological structure. By using the technique of innoculating coloured substance, highlighting ileofemoral lymph nodes, the popliteal lymph node, the superficial and profound inguinal lymph nodes and the subiliac lymph nodes was made possible. For the histological examination a Nikon AFX-DX, Labophot 2, with an automatic exposure photographing device, controlled computerisedly was used. In the subcapsulary sinus of the subiliac lymph node a numerous cell population can be noticed, represented by macrophagi and reticulary cells.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXII, Issue 2
Written by Roman PEPOVICH, Branimir NIKOLOV, Krasimira GENOVA, Kalin HRISTOV, Radka TAFRADJIISKA-HADJIOLOVA, Elena NIKOLOVA, Georgi STOIMENOV

Respiratory diseases are current health problem for pig. Very often they have polietiological base which triggers defined Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC). One of the main and permanent etiologic agents in PRDC is Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the causative agent of enzootic pneumonia in pigs. The disease is widespread in Bulgaria, inflicting major economic damage, resulting in high morbidity, poor feed conversion, reduced average daily gains, cost of therapy and immunization. These indicators determine treatment as necessary and inevitable in control of mycoplasma infection. The purpose of this study was to compare the therapeutic potential of enrofloxacin and florfenicol in industrial pig farms in Bulgaria. The study was conducted in pig farm breeding and fattening, with laboratory proven acute form of enzootic pneumonia. It was conducted on 260 growing pigs divided into two experimental groups. The first group was treated with enrofloxacin injective at a dose of 1 ml/10 kg., for three days, and the second with florfenicol, at a dose of 1 ml/20 kg., intramuscularly twice in 48 hours. Received clinical and epidemiological data give reason to assume that the tested schemes are effective in the control of enzootic pneumonia. As a result of the treatment to stabilize by the clinical condition of the pigs, normalization of indicators of blood and limiting morbidity and mortality. The resulting high therapeutic effect in patients treated with enrofloxacin pigs - 89.6 % and respectively florfenicol - 75.6 %, presented both as equivalent antibiotic in the treatment of enzootic pneumonia.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. 19 ISSUE 4
Written by Dan CRINGANU, Mario CODREANU, Raluca NEGREANU, Razvan NEGREANU, Iulia CRINGANU

The cytostatic disease is a complex syndrome defined as morphofunctional alterations of various organs and organ systems affected during polychimioterapiei. Knowledge of these phenomena is necessary to avoid cumulative effects with paraneoplastic syndromes that overlap the clinical picture of the chemotherapy disease.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXI
Written by OGNEAN L., Viorica CHIURCIU, C. CHIURCIU, F. ZĂVOIU, S. TRÎNCĂ, Alexandra ARION, Rosalie DOJANĂ

In the intensive rearing systems for broiler chickens, a common practice is the overdosage of antibiotics in order to cure or prevent diseases or as growth promoters. Despite all the advances in medicine and technology, the residual antibiotics in poultry meat are still an important problem, generating controversy between the farmers, who support the benefits of antibiotics and the final consumers, who bring up the health risk regarding the food safety of these substances. This research aims on evaluating the effects of overdosing an oxytetracycline based product, on the hematological parameters in chickens, for an early detection of such risks. The hematological effects of overdosing an oxytetracycline based product (Galiprotect) were evaluated on five experimental groups, each consisting of 11 broiler chickens, receiving therapeutic, double and higher doses (8 times and 16 times the therapeutic dose), for three consecutive days; also a control group was kept and fed in the exact same conditions as the experimental groups. After the treatments and at the end of the experimental period, the main hematological parameters have been determined and the recorded data was statistically analyzed and interpreted. The individual values of the hematological parameters presented important variations, some outside the physiological ranges. Their evolution indicated that the overdose of the oxytetracycline based product affected mainly the leukocyte population, inducing leukocytosis (p<0.0001) also associated with heterophillia (p<0.0001) and lymphopenia, respectively, attributed to the AD3E vitamin complex from the drug formula. The statistical analysis also indicated decreases of the erythrocyte parameters, a statistically significance being recorded for the hemoglobin (0.0027D) and the MCHC values (0,0007D). The therapeutic use of the oxytetracycline based products in poultry determines hematologic changes, expressed by leukocytosis associated with heterophillia and decreases of the erythrocyte mass parameters, based on which the overdosage can be suspected.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Savaş SARIÖZKAN, Yusuf KONCA, Berrin KOCAOĞLU GÜÇLÜ, Eray AKTUĞ, Mahmut KALİBER, Şeyda ÖZKAN, Saadet TUĞRUL AY

This study was conducted to determine the effects of supplementation of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) leaf meal on performance, carcass quality traits, and marketing of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total of 150, four-dayold quail were distributed into three groups with five replicates and 10 quail each. Quail were fed either basal diet (Control group) or 1.5% and 3% lemon grass leaf meal supplemented to basal diets for 5 weeks period. Live weight, live weight gain and feed consumption were recorded and feed efficiency was calculated at the 7^th, 21^st, and 35^th days of the study. At the end of the experiment, carcass traits were also determined. Lemon grass supplementation ratio did not affect live weight and live weight gain (P>0.05) at 1.5% level however, 3% supplementation decreased live weight (P<0.05). Feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were not affected by lemon grass supplementation. In 3% supplemented group, intestine weight and ratio decreased (P<0.05). Lemon grass supplementation did not affect slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, liver and gizzard weight and ratio (p>0.05). Also, meat pH, cooking loss, thawing loss, dry matter, ash and protein ratio were not affected by lemon grass supplementation (P>0.05). According to economic evaluation, supplementation of lemon grass did not improve the performance and carcass quality of quail and so, revenue from the lemon grass supplemented groups were lower than those of the control group. In conclusion, higher level supplementation of lemon grass (3%) to quail diet negatively affected the performance; however the lower level (1.5%) had no negative effect on performance and carcass quality.

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