Scientific Works Series C. Veterinary Medicine

PRINT ISSN 2065-1295, ISSN-L: 2065-1295, ISSN CD: 2343-9394,ISSN ONLINE 2067-3663
 

Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXIV, Issue 2
Written by Dragoș COBZARIU, George Andrei NECULA, Stelian BĂRĂITĂREANU, Georgeta ȘTEFAN, Doina DANEȘ

The Canine herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1) is causing in dogs a wide range of reproductive problems: infertility, foetal resorption, abortion, weak puppies, stillborn, low conception rate, small litter size and neonatal mortality, according to the age and pregnancy stage. The aims of the study where to assess the status of CHV-1 infection and to investigate the clinical pattern of the disease, in three Romanian kennel dogs. Blood samples from 44 subjects, aged from 1 to 5.5 years (20 dogs from kennel A, 16 dogs from kennel B, and 8 from kennel C), without history of vaccination against CHV-1 where submitted to study. The serum samples were analysed for the detection of antibodies to CHV-1 by immunofluorescence assays. In this survey, the average of seropositive animals were being 86.36%, but ranged from 100% in kennel A and B, to 25.00% in kennel C. Registered reproductive disorders were represented by neonatal mortality (70%) and infertility (30%). Our study emphasizes the widespread of CHV-1 infection and strengthens the recommendation for the animals’ immune status assessment before their breeding season.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. 19 ISSUE 4
Written by Cristina FERNOAGA, Mario CODREANU, Mihai CORNILA

Intracranial pathology in dogs is often associated with brain edema. Following acute injury, brain edema reaches it’s maximal peak between 24 to 48 hours and may persist for a week or more. Brain edema has been categorized as vasogenic, cytotoxic, or interstitial based on cause and anatomic areas of involvement. Any or all of these types of edema may be present in an animal with brain disease. By definition cerebral edema is the excess accumulation of fluid in the intra-and/or extracellular spaces of the brain. Cytotoxic edema occurs as a consequence of / pump disfunction, resulting in neuronal distress. The volume of intracellular fluid increases and cells begin to swell. This edema oftenly occurs due to disease processes such as toxicity, ischemia, or hypoxia. Interstitial edema is defined as increased fluid content in the periventricular white matter as a result of CSF movement across the ventricular walls in instances of hydrocephalus. Periventricular white matter is reduced as a consequence of the myelin lipids dissapearance secondary to an increase in hydrostatic pressure or decrease in periventricular blood flow of the white matter . Vasogenic edema is the most common form of edema associated with CNS neoplasia. These abnormalities allow fluid to move from the vascular to the perivascular spaces. Deep white matter of the involved cerebral hemisphere is preferentially affected. The “ideal” drug in treating cerebral edema, focused on mobilizing and/or preventing fluid accumulation in the brain, with a rapid onset, prolonged action and minimal side effects, is yet to be discovered.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Mirela TRIPON, Emoke PALL, I. MORAR, M. CENARIU, C. CRECAN, Denisa LUNGU, Lavinia SÎNTEONEAN, V. ILAȘ, A. HENEGARIU, Andreea RUSU, I. Ș. GROZA

Collection of spermatozoa from the cauda epididymis may be the last chance to preserve genetic material from valuable stallions in case of sudden death or emergency castration. In the present study we compared the characteristics of extended refrigerated stallion epidydimal spermatozoa at 24 and 48 hours after castration. Spermatozoa from 12 epididymides were recovered at 24 hours after the routine orhiectomy of 6 healthy stallions using the retrograde flush method and refrigerated for 24 hours. For refrigeration we used 2 commercial extenders - an egg yolk based extender (Triladyl®, Minitube) or a milk based extender (Gent®, Minitube). Concentration and motility parameters were assesed for each sample after collection and 24 hours later using computer assisted sperm anlaysis (SCA®, CASA). Viability was assessed using the eosin staining technique. Total motility, velocity, viability and percentage of progressive spermatozoa were similar among the two groups at 24-h post castration. However, at 48 hours the percentage of progressive spermatozoa was significantly higher in milk based extender. Therefore we concluded that stallion epididymal spermatozoa extended in milk protein based extenders can be successfully cryopreserved at 48 hours after routine orhiectomy.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXI
Written by Iulia-Alexandra PARASCHIV, Raluca Ioana RIZAC, Andrei Constantin STOIAN, Emilia CIOBOTARU, Laurentiu TUDOR, Manuella MILITARU

Exotic bird pathology is an emerging field, needed for an accurate understanding of the biology and disease response of these species. The present paper is aimed to emphasize different lesions in some organs of psittacine cases submitted to necropsy due to sudden death, tumoral disease or metabolic disease. The study was conducted over a two year period (2013-2014) at the Department of Pathological Anatomy from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,.Bucharest. Seven psittacine cases, from three different species were submitted to diagnosis. The following organs were submitted to gross and histopathologic examination for each case: lung, heart, liver, kidney, gastro-intestinal tract, spleen and brain. Lesional changes in the organs were classified as: inflammatory, circulatory, necrotic, distrophic and tumoral. The lung presented circulatory lesions in all seven cases and for one case tumoral lesion as well, while the kidney presented both circulatory and necrotic changes in five of the seven cases. The heart was affected in two cases of necrosis, one case of distrophy and one case of tumoral lesion. The liver was affected in two cases by circulatory lesions and one case of inflammatory lesion. The brain was affected in two cases by inflammatory lesions and one case of circulatory injury. The gastro-intestinal tract was affected in one case of necrosis and the spleen, in one case of circulatory lesion. In addition, normal aspects were observed in nine organs, mostly in heart, liver and, spleen. Post-mortem transformation was noticed in 21 organs, mostly kidneys, gastro-intestinal tract, spleen and brain. In conclusion, circulatory and necrotic lesions were frequently encountered in the studied cases. Regarding nonlesional changes in the organs, these appeared with increased frequency, proving the importance.of a rapid diagnosis.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. 19 ISSUE 4
Written by Sonya CIULEAN, Orhan RASID, Leontina BANICA, Adina Daniela IANCU, Manuella MILITARU, Crina STAVAR

Mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are important tools in the study of this yet misunderstood pathology. The dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model has several advantages, however, like any animal model, thorough experimental set-up is required. We aimed to set-up a DSS colitis model and to establish means of monitoring disease progression, with or without the influence of oral vitamin D3 supplementation. Colitis was induced by administration of DSS in drinking water to adult Balb/c and CD1 mice. A vitamin D3 supplement was given to CD1 mice by oral gavage as therapeutic attempt. Clinical signs and body weight were monitored daily. Histopathological analysis of colon sections was performed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Compared to inbred Balb/c mice, which succumbed to 2,5% DSS treatment without specific signs of colitis, outbred CD1 mice developed the full spectrum of clinical colitis at a regimen of 5% DSS. Histopathology of colon sections showed different degree of leukocyte infiltration and mucosal alteration. Characteristic manifestations of disease were reversible by both long and short oral vitamin D3 treatment. Our preliminary results show that the CD1 mouse strain is more suitable than the Balb/c strain for studying colitis in a DSS induced model. The established model may be a useful tool to elucidate the mechanisms involved in IBD pathogenesis and for therapeutic efficacy.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXIII, Issue 1
Written by Maria CRIVINEANU, Florin Mihai PALAMARU, Valentin NICORESCU

In veterinary medicine, skin diseases, regardless of their etiology, record an increased frequency, mostly because humans are sharing the same lifestyle with their quadrupeds. The purpose of this paper was to present the evolution of skin pathology in dogs and cats, in conjunction with the reactivity of the body towards the pathogenic germs also towards the conditioning or opportunistic pathogens. For the identification and diagnosing of dermatitis, in a private veterinary clinic there were examined 18 animals (12 dogs and 6 cats), which showed skin lesions and intense itching. There were diagnosed 5 cases of dermatitis with parasitic etiology, 7 cases of allergic dermatitis (of which 2 cases showed secondary bacterial otitis), 1 case of autoimmune etiology and 5 cases of infectious etiology. In the case of bacterial dermatitis, good results were obtained with treatments based on antibacterials selected by antibiogram, with antipruritic substances, and topical therapeutic baths. Bacteriological examination on special culture media revealed the presence of mainly Staphylococcus species in the pathological material collected from the skin lesions. In the case of parasitic dermatitis, favourable results were obtained by applying spot-on pipettes containing Moxidectin and by administering oral or otic Ivermectin. In allergies, the treatment was effective after allergen elimination, administration of antipruritic substances, followed by therapeutic baths to ensure decontamination of body surface area.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXI
Written by Andreea GARTNER, Gheorghe DĂRĂBUȘ, Corina BADEA, Florin HORA, Elena TILIBASA, Narcisa MEDERLE

Canine demodicosis is caused by Demodex canis mite found in hair follicles. Demodicosis is a nonpruritic dermatosis which frequently becomes pustular by bacterial complications. The evolution of demodicosis as clinical disease takes different aspects, from dry to festering, from a manifestation of generalized or localized to one particular. According to current research, symptoms of demodicosis are constantly changing influenced by various favourable factors, an aspect that creates confusion in clinical approach and thus prevent correct diagnosis. In this context, the aim of the study was to bring current information on clinical diagnosis in canine demodicosis. The study was performed from September 2011 to December 2014, on a total of 187 dogs diagnosed with demodicosis microscopically. Clinical signs followed in this study were: erythema (”demodectic spots”), hair loss (”demodectic glasses”), follicular keratosis, hyperpigmentation, hyperseborrhea, pruritus. We also followed the evolution of the disease forms: dry demodecosis with nummular forms (circinate) and diffuse alopecia, piodemodicosis, pododemodicosis and otodemodicosis. The results revealed the absence of typical lesions: ”demodectic glasses”, ”demodectic spots”, occurrance of hyperpigmentation and itching in dogs with dry demodicosis (untypical for this form of clinical evolution and appearance of itching, generalized erythema and alopecia as a single clinical signs evolving. Specific localizations (pododemodicosis and otodemodicosis) were diagnosed without combination with other pathogens and clinical manifestations common to several pathogenic entities (itching, ihor smell, collections ear like ”coffee grounds”, blistering interdigital). The results contribute to the complex diagnosis of one of the most common and important diseases of parasitic nature of the dog.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Andreea ISTRATE, Alexandra PETEOACA, Andrei TANASE, Jacqueline MOCANU, Gina GIRDAN, Emilia CIOBOTARU

PURPOSE: The aim of this meta-analysis is to describe the indications, preoperative assessment, surgical technique, postoperative care, clinical results and complications of external fixators used to treat antebrachial and crural fractures in dogs. METHODS: Databases including Pubmed, Elsevier, Science Direct, Cochrane library and other journals were searched for articles published before January 2018 for studies regarding history, clinical applications, complications, advantages and disadvantages of the external fixators technique. With a history of over a hundred years, external skeletal fixators have been used in veterinary medicine as a common technique for stabilizing fractures over the past two decades. The external skeletal fixators use multiple percutaneous pins or wires placed distally and proximally to the fracture site or joint, coupled with an external frame, that can be linear, circular or hybrid and can be placed in various geometrical configurations. This method can be used in various situations besides fracture stabilization, including joint immobilization, limb lengthening and angular, translationaland rotational limb deformities, external skeletal fixators being mechanically versatile. The minimal soft tissue and bone trauma allows for simple staged disassembly in helping promotion of bone healing by using increased loading forces on the fracture site after the beginning of healing. Also, from the reviewed sources we can easily say that some of the most common postoperative complications of these surgical approaches are pin-tract infections, bone lysis, osteomyelitis and implant failure but none of them outweigh the benefits. CONCLUSIONS: External skeletal fixators are a biologically friendly surgical technique, used to minimize disruption of the blood supply to the soft tissue and bone being an advantageous system for management of antebrachial and crural fractures in dogs.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXI
Written by Cristina FERNOAGĂ, Mario D. CODREANU, Mihai CORNILĂ, Raluca Teodora NAE, Mariana IONITA, Ioan Liviu MITREA

Toxoplasmosis is an important parasitic zoonosis caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, which is widespread in humans and animals worldwide, including dogs. Infection with T. gondii in dogs is usually asymptomatic but cases of severe clinical toxoplasmosis have been reported worldwide. Toxoplasmosis is recognized as an opportunistic disease in dogs and is characterized by neuromuscular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal signs or by generalized infection. The most common neurological signs are characterized by ataxia, circling, behavioural changes, seizures, paralysis, paraplegia, twitching and tremors. In this study we present a clinical follow-up of twenty-seven dogs admitted to the Veterinary Clinic of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest in 2014, presenting with neurological disorders, mainly epilepsy-like seizures. All of them were serological positive for antibodies against T. gondii, as follows: 63.00% (17/27) were positive for both IgG and IgM, 25.9% (7/27) were positive only for IgG, while 11.1% (3/27) were positive only for IgM. The clinical presentation and the outcome of different therapeutic regimes are discussed. The study demonstrates the importance of toxoplasmosis in dogs and represents a basis for further in-depth studies to investigate the risks for clinical canine toxoplasmosis and to confirm, including by PCR, the implication of T. gondii in the neurological pathology in dogs in Romania. In addition to its veterinary importance, toxoplasmosis is also of major zoonotic concern and dogs can serve as epidemiological indicators for local infections

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXI
Written by János DÉGI, Iulia BUCUR, Voichiţoiu Robert VILI, Viorel HERMAN

Colonization with Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin (MRSA) has recently been identified in pigs and that the people working in these sectors and increasing concern about the role of pigs as reservoirs of MRSA infections in humans were reported more frequently in the literature. The research had as purpose to determine the frequency of staphylococcal strains isolated from pig herds, phenotypic characterization of isolates and identification of methicillinresistant strains and types of resistance. Samples were taken from clinically healthy pigs from a swine farm in Arad, from October to December 2013. Samples required bacteriological examinations were collected from a total of 87 clinically healthy pigs. After growth, staphylococcal isolates were identied according to their characteristics as outlined in Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology and the Manual of Clinical Microbiology. From pig farm were isolated 28 strains of staphylococci, including 20 coagulase positive strains (CoP, represented by S. hyicus and S. aureus) and 8 coagulase negative strains (CON, represented by S. haemolyticus, S. epidermidis respectively S. sciuri), isolated from clinically healthy pigs in different anatomical areas. All strains of staphylococci isolated from pigs showed sensitivity of 100% for novobiocine, rifampicine, pristinamycin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, cefaclor and ampicillin/sulbactan, considered the drug of choice for these bacteria. As against used β-lactams (methicillin, ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, cefaclor, ampicillin with sulbactan) antibiotic sensitivity was highest, except methicillins, which were isolated 4 resistant strains, two S. hycus methicillin-resistant strains and two S. aureus strains. After testing staphylococci strains isolated from pigs, against 17 antibiotics were identified methicillin-resistant strains and several types of resistance to β-lactams, tetracyclines, macrolides and polymyxin B.

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