Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LIX (1)
Written by Catalina POSEA, A. SONEA, Monica ROMAN, Mihaela VASILE

Studies on ochratoxin A (OTA) showed that this mycotoxin is nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, immunesuppressive and teratogen. Consumption of food contaminated with OTA affects the health of farm animals and their productivity leading to its presence in animal products. Early identification and removal of feed and food chain products contaminated with OTA can be achieved by control strategies. This paperwork aims to present the impact on human and animal health, the probable risk of OTA residues in animal products and control strategies that apply in the feed industry.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LIX (1)
Written by Daniela LORIN

This research aimed the isolation and identification of mycoflora from forage, water, air, litter and sanitation swabs collected during the year 2011. Collecting and processing of samples was done according with the literature data and current standards. Therefore the air samples were collected and processed by method of sedimentation and the forage, water, litter and sanitation swabs samples have been harvested and processed according to ANSVSA Order no. 25 of 19 March 2008, SR EN ISO 6887-1/2002 and ISO 7218 /2007. Through the qualitative mycological exams have been identified 11 genres (Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Mucor spp., Absidia spp., Rhyzopus spp., Alternaria spp., Ulocladium spp., Cladosporium spp., Fusarium spp., Candida spp., Rhodotorulla spp.) and 12 species (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus glaucus, Absidia corymbifera, Fusarium oxisporum, Rhodotorulla rubra, Candida albicans, Candida sake, Candida rugosa, Candida famata and Candida lusitaniae).

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LIX (1)
Written by Alexandru LATARETU, Florin FURNARIS, Elena MITRANESCU

Hematologic parameters are considered important indicators of the fish health status, providing useful information for assessing their welfare. Fish response to stressors is similar to higher vertebrates, being represented by the quick release of catecholamines, followed by the corticosteroids release. The study aims to establish stress level in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by obtaining an overview of the morphology of blood cells, their number and percentage distribution in peripheral blood. The biological material was represented by a group of 5 fish weighing between 2.5 and 3 kg. From fish there were collected blood samples using heparinized syringes, after which the samples were transferred into Li-heparin containers. Leukocyte count was made on smears with Diff-Quick staining. The study of cells characteristics was performed by optical microscopy. Obtained results were compared with hematologic reference ranges for carp. Analyzing the results, it was noticed the presence of erythrocytes and platelets and, from the white series, of lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and heterophils. Among leukocytes, 80% were represented by lymphocytes, eosinophils were reduced in number and basophils were not identified, this aspect being in accordance with other authors’ findings. The results obtained in this study framed for most parameters within the reference ranges for carp. In fish, according to literature, lymphocytes have a role in specific immune response, neutrophils in the inflammatory response and in phagocytic function, eosinophils have a role in phagocytosis of parasites, monocytes migrate into tissues to become macrophages. Action of stress factors upon the white line cells is manifested as lymphopenia with relative granulocytosis. Given the results, it can be concluded that there is a low level of stress for the fish in study and they are reared under appropriate, welfare-friendly conditions.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LIX (1)
Written by Aneta POP, Gabriel PREDOI, Viorel ANDRONIE

Innovative methods in education, including in medicine, either human or veterinary contribute to enhance the learning effectiveness. The aim of this paper is to present the results that have been obtained by implementation of 3 e-learning platforms in veterinary undergraduate and post-graduate education and training. The e-learning platforms were developed through three projects, Higher Education at European Level in the Field of Veterinary Medicine, ID: HRDSOP 86/1.2./S/63654, Labour Market Integration of Veterinary Medical Students – Practical Training, ID: HRDSOP/90/2.1/S/63915 implemented by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bucharest in partnership with the other faculties of veterinary medicine in Romania and Improving the Quality of Human Resources in Veterinary Medicine, ID:

Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LIX (1)
Written by Cristian Ionuţ GARJOABA, Daniela TANASIE MBANG, Alexandru Nicolae SIMA

In this report, a 7 years old male Pekingese dog case is described. The dog presented for a medical investigation with a complex medullar syndrome (motility and sensitivity of the hind limb abolished). From history, we deduced that this paralysis of the hind limb was installed gradually. Clinical examination was followed by X-ray examination, which showed significant osteolysis of the L6 vertebral body. This lesion has a direct connection with the symptoms being the cause of the hind limb paralysis. Sampling of biological material by excisional biopsy and later of the histological examination of it, confirmed the presence of a malignant process, namely a fibrosarcoma of bone. It is important to point out that malignant neoplastic process of the spine have significant compressive effects on the nerve substance (spinal cord) causing clinical expression with a progressive character, from motility and sensitive mild dysfunction to its abolition.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LIX (1)
Written by Alex ATANASOFF, Galin NIKOLOV, Yordan STAYKOV, Georgi ZHELYAZKOV, Ivaylo SIRAKOV

Problem statement: Only limited information exists on nutrients in salmonoids meat in Bulgaria, which may to be different and vary to a greater extent than the nutrient composition of other fish items. The present paper is aimed to determine the proximate composition, macro and trace elements of Atlantic salmon`s meat. These data could be helpful in judging the value of nutrient composition data as a base for dietary recommendations. Organisms: 12 species of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Approach: The aim of this study was to determine the proximate composition and levels of iron, potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, selenium and zinc in Atlantic salmon cultivated for the first time in Bulgaria. The content of protein, fat and ash and concentrations of iron, potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, selenium and zinc were determined by automatic systems and electro thermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) after microwave digestion. Mean values and their respective coefficients of variation were calculated from the measured concentrations. Conclusion: In order to provide an accurate overview and to be able to calculate reliable dietary intakes, it is important to know the fish composition data.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LIX (1)
Written by Gurkan DEMIRKOL

Propolis is a resinous product collected by bees used in their hives to have a safe place. Bees provide it from various plants. It is rich in terms of phenolic compounds so it is very important for the role in contributing to human health. In this study, antimicrobial effects of ethanol extract of propolis were determined against Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger using discdiffusion and agar dilution method. According to the results, propolis showed antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutans, Listeria monocytogenes and Candida albicans. The most sensitive microorganism was Pseudomonas aeruginosa to propolis. This study offers that propolis may provide an alternative to chemical preservatives against several diseases.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LIX (1)
Written by Alina Maria IONESCU, Gheorghe Valentin ROMAN

Foods for human consumption fall into two categories as vegetable and animal origin. Raw materials of vegetable origin foods are divided into three sub-groups as cereals, oil seed and grain legumes. Grain legumes occupy a crucial place in human diet among these foods. Common bean, broad bean, chickpea, lentil, pea, soya and black eyed peas are the species of grain legumes. Lentil is one of the legume species that have been used successfully in human diet for a very long time. The paper presents the results of the research regarding chemical composition and nutritional value of Lens culinaris Medik. species (lentil) promoted in organic agriculture. The experiment was carried out in Moara Domneasca Experimental Field, during 2007-2009. It was studied 7 lentil genotypes: Beluga (France), Sorte du Puy (France), Laird (Turkey), Richlea (France), Masoor (Turkey), Eston (Greece) and a local genotype „Moara Domneasca”. In average, the chemical composition of the lentil genotypes cultivated in Moara Domneasca Experimental Field was the following: 22.18% proteins, 3.03% fats, 63.29% carbohydrates, 4.00% minerals, while the energy value was 259.97 kcal. The protein yields ranged between 259 kg/ha and 335 kg/ha, the average being 297 kg protein/ha. The highest proteins yields, of more than 300 kg protein/ha, were obtained from Laird and Richlea genotype

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LIX (1)
Written by Constantin BORS, Nicolae CORNILA, Traian LEAU

The study presents one of anesthesia techniques, the inhalation anesthesia, frequently used in veterinary medicine. The tested substance is a general anesthetics whose role is to act selective or at global mode, above one kind of structures form central nervous system, producing specific effects for his team. There have been observed the anesthetic effects of Izofluran dosed through mask induction and maintained with tracheal sonde at 5 dogs from different species and weights on a private clinic. There have been recorded the hematological and biochemical values of every patient, and also evaluated the vital constants: cardiac frequency, respiratory frequency, temperature, induction time, wake up time, metabolisation time and seconds products eliminating. There have been monitored the effects on cardiovascular, respiratory, neuromuscular, renal systems and live. In order to find the best inhalator there have been made comparative tests between Izofluran and Sevofluran. After inhalation administration of Izofluran it was observed a nesemnificative clinical grow of enzymatic activity for aminotransferase (GOT/AST), alaninaminotranferase (GPT/ALT), gama glutamil transferase (GGT), total amylase, glycaemia, creatinine, urea and compared with initial moment. There were not recorded major differences between initial moment and after anesthesia. The steps of anesthesia have characterized through induction of anesthetic in one moderate time (10-15 minutes) with respiratory complications (apnea, larynx spasm and cough), passing from anesthesia was done in 15-25 minutes. Secondary reactions (vomit, convulsions or events) were not present at anesthetized cases with Izofluran, and the temperature, cardiac frequency, respiratory frequency and oxygen saturation of peripheral tissues were on normal parameters. The phases of anesthesia have been characterized with a longer time of induction and waking up against Sevofluran with some respiratory complications.

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Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LIX (1)
Written by Constantin BORS, Nicolae CORNILA, Andrei TANASE

This paper is based on the clinical experience in emergency surgery in pets, consisting of foreign bodies that remain stranded in certain parts of the digestive tract. We present the clinical case of a cat, 8 years old, European breed, that was brought by its owners at a veterinary hospital with the following symptoms: dyspnea, polypnea, dysphagia, apathy, sialorrhea, a normal vesicular murmur, normothermia. We made an abdominal ultrasound, took blood for analysis and afterwards, a radiographic exam, a lateral-cervico-thoracic and a ventro-dorsal radiography of the same region. From the data obtained from the owners, the animal never swallowed anything in the past. Until the examination day, there were no signs of illness or another pathology. The biochemical exams showed no alteration of the main organs (the pancreatic, liver, and renal function) and the hematologic parameters were also normal. After the radiographic examination of the cervical region, a foreign body was discovered. It had almost 6 centimeters, was stuck in the anterior third of the esophagus, had a needle-like shape, with one sharp end ventrally oriented, and the other blunt one, dorsally positioned. An emergency surgery was made, with endotracheal intubation and the removal of the foreign body, which was represented by a sewing needle, which had perforated the esophagus, positioning itself transversally through the latero-cervical muscles, and having a ventrally end positioned into the esophagus and the other end, subcutaneous in the dorsal cervical area. Among the emergency surgeries in pets, foreign body pathology has an important role, because of the need to establish a quick diagnose and to treat the animal as fast as possible. The clinical and radiological exam has tracked down a foreign body in the esophagus. We used endotracheal intubation for the anesthesia. Through specific and adequate surgical maneuvers, we managed to extract the foreign body. Knowing the animal’s habits has an important role, thus making the diagnose and treatment more accurate and not to threaten the animal’s life.

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