Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 1
Written by Dan CRÎNGANU, Cristina PREDA, Iuliana CRÎNGANU, Raluca NEGREANU
Carcinomatous mastitis or the inflammatory mammary carcinoma is a malignant entity described in human, dog and cat clinical oncology; it is characterized by a sudden onset, edema, erythema, peau d’orange, hardening and increased local temperature of the mammary gland, with or without the presence of mammary nodules. Blockage of superficial lymphatics with neoplastic cells is the cause of severe edema in the region. This type of cancer is characterized by an extremely fast rate of growth, development and invasiveness. Tumor cells break the basement membrane and invade regional lymphatic vessels and satellites lymph nodes. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in the dog is a rare neoplastic condition with unknown etiology. The reaction at dermis level is characterized by infiltration of neoplastic T lymphocytes with a specific tropism for the epidermis and the ancillary structures. The abnormal division of lymphocytes present plaques or other lesions within the skin. It often involves enlarged satellite lymphnodes, edema, erythema and hardening of the malignant nodules. The link between the immune role of the T-cells and the fulminant inflammatory reaction of the carcinomatous mastitis, frameable in the category of autoimmune diseases, is just one of the puzzles researchers are trying to solve in order to prove the connections between the two neoplasias. One of the pieces is the role of cytokines, having value both in canine inflammatory mammary cancer and T-cell lymphoma. Their purpose of these small proteins that act as cell-to-cell messengers and play an important role within the immune system by stimulating or inhibiting cells in response to a range of stresses has been evaluated due to it's valuable contribution as diagnostic biomarker, biologic predictive marker and the therapeutic significance. The purpose of this study was to characterize the two malignant pathologies clinically, histopathologically and regarding response to treatment in order to identify common ground. Following the information obtained from the studies considered for this article, supplemented with personal case studies, the presence of a mixed neoplasm in the form of an undifferentiated carcinoma interspersed with T lymphoblasts is suspected.
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