Published in Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by Catalin MICSA, Manuela PASCAL, Dorin TOGOE, Alin Ion BIRTOIU, Alexandru SONEA
Laparoscopic surgery gained a lot of field in human and veterinary medicine, replacing successfully many invasive surgical techniques. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a reality and units must convert from open to endoscopic technique. To this end we have used the pig, whose biliary anatomy resembles the human, as a laboratory in vivo training model. This aspect has led to imagining and establishing cholecystectomy techniques in pigs that were subsequently applied to humans. We conducted the current study to address the need for a systematic investigation of anaesthetic and analgesic protocols in Landrace pigs. The goal of this study was to evaluate a partial intravenous anaesthetic (PIVA) protocol for Landrace pigs that yielded sufficient sedation for peripheral vascular catheterization, analgesia and miorelaxation for laparoscopic techniques and would have minimal cardiovascular effects while being safe for the patient. The study was carried out during several training session for surgeons on laparoscopic techniques. Sixteen pigs (weight between 15 and 30 kg, with a mean weight of 21 kg) were anaesthetized for the procedures. Pigs were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: MFK group (receiving midazolam 0.2 mg/kg/h, fentanyl 10μg/kg/h and ketamine 10μg/kg/min) or KL group (receiving ketamine 10 μg/kg/min and lidocaine 30μg/kg/min). Heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and saturation of oxygen were monitored throughout the anaesthesia and recorded every 5 minutes using a vital signs monitor. Muscle relaxation was appreciated using a subjective scale. Midazolam-fentanyl-ketamine provided better analgesia and muscle relaxation, with minimal cardio-vascular effects compared to the KL protocol. Both protocols can be used in swine and ensure stable cardiovascular parameters during general anaesthesia in this species.
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