Published in Scientific Works. C Series. Veterinary Medicine, Vol. LVIII ISSUE 4
Written by Iuliana Ionascu, Andreea- Bianca Bofan
The interruption of sympathetic innervations at the head level is the main cause that produces the Horner`s syndrome. The damage of the nerve fibres may occur: central, preganglionic or postganglionic. Most patients were sent for an ophthalmologic examination as a result of a sudden attack, often described by owners as “closed, paintful eye”. The purpose of this paper is to establish an etiologic differential diagnosis protocol in Horner`s syndrome. The patients examined in the Surgery Clinics of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bucharest presented enophthalmos, upper eyelid ptosis, palpebral slid reduction, third eyelid protrusion and miosis. The ophthalmologic examination was performed by direct methods and indirect methods, as Schirmer test, fluorescein test and the pupil size in the darkness. For the most patients, the disease started suddenly, with epiphora and very painful eye. Only for few of them, the onset was sudden and no ocular pain or epiphora were mentioned. The results of the tests showed normal values for the Schirmer test, miosis, with negative response of the pupil in the darkness. The fluorescein test was negative and the internal face of the third eyelid presented no foreign bodies. In this cases, the etiology of the syndrome is idiopathic or secondary to media otitis, frequently subclinical. It was achieved a diferential diagnosis between Horner`s syndrome and the superficial or deep corneal wounds, when the fluorescein test is positive and there were highlighter foreign bodies at the internal third eyelid.
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